Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwara imizigo, servo manipulator ifite amashami atatu ifite ibyiza mu gucunga ibikoresho biremereye

Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwara imizigo: Ibyiza bya Roboti za Servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu mu gucunga ibikoresho biremereye

Mu nganda, mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho no mu bubiko, mu bice by'imodoka, no mu bindi bice, gucunga ibikoresho biremereye biracyari igice cy'ingenzi cy'umusaruro, imbogamizi ihoraho mu mikorere myiza ndetse n'ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'umutekano. Kuva ku ngaruka nyinshi no kudakora neza mu buryo busanzwe bwo gutwara intoki kugeza ku nzitizi z'imitwaro n'amakosa yo mu ntangiriro. Ukuboko kwa Robotics, inganda zikomeje gusaba ibisubizo bihamye, binoze kandi bitekanye byo gucunga ibikoresho biremereye.Roboti za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu, hamwe n'imikorere myiza y'imitwaro yabo, barimo kuba ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu guhangana n'iki kibazo, bongera gusobanura amahame n'imikorere myiza yo gukoresha ibikoresho biremereye.

I. Ingorane zo mu nganda mu gucunga ibikoresho biremereye: Kuki "Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo" ari intambwe ikomeye?

Mbere yo gusuzuma ibyiza bya robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu, tugomba kubanza gusuzuma ingingo zisanzwe zibabaza mu gutunganya ibikoresho biremereye muri iki gihe—ingingo zibabaza zigaragaza akamaro kadasanzwe ko gutwara imizigo ikomeye:

"Ikibazo gikubye kabiri" cyo gukoresha intoki: Ku bikoresho biremereye ibiro birenga 50 (nk'imashini zitwara imodoka, imashini nini, n'ibyuma bicukurwamo), gukoresha intoki ntibisaba ubufatanye hagati y'abantu benshi gusa ahubwo bikunze gutera imiruho ​​ikabije, bigatuma habaho kugabanuka k'imikorere n'ingaruka z'umutekano nko kunanuka kw'imitsi no kugwa kw'ibikoresho. Nk'uko "Raporo y'Ibarurishamibare ry'Impanuka z'Umutekano mu Gukora" ibivuga, impanuka zikomoka ku gukoresha ibikoresho biremereye zigize 32% by'impanuka zose zo mu kazi, 80% muri zo zifitanye isano n'ikosa ry'intoki cyangwa umunaniro.

Imbogamizi mu mikorere y'ibikoresho gakondo bya mekanike: Nubwo intwaro za kera za roboti zikora mu mwuka cyangwa ibikoresho byo gufata ibintu bifite umurongo umwe byashoboraga gukora imirimo imwe n'imwe iremereye, byagize ibibazo bibiri by'ingenzi: umutwaro muto wo hejuru (akenshi munsi ya 100kg), bigatuma bidakoreshwa mu nganda ziremereye; n'uburyo budakwiye bwo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo (akenshi birenga ± 5mm), bishobora gutuma ibikoresho bitakaza cyangwa bigatera ikibazo mu gihe cyo guteranya neza (nk'ibice by'imodoka bishyirwa ku kibuga).

Impaka zikomeje kwiyongera hagati y’umusaruro mwiza n’ikiguzi: Uko inganda zikora zigenda zihinduka zijya mu musaruro usanzwe, amasosiyete asaba ko ibintu birushaho kuba byiza no gukomeza gukoresha ibikoresho biremereye. Ibikoresho gakondo akenshi bisaba inzira zihamye cyangwa gushyiraho no gushyiraho ibikoresho bigoye, bigatuma imiyoboro y’ibikorwa ihinduka itwara igihe kinini kandi igatwara abakozi benshi. Ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ibintu bugabanya ingano y’ibikoresho bifatwa kuri buri simburana, byongera ibyago byo guhagarika imiyoboro y’ibikorwa. 2. Ibyiza by’ingenzi bya roboti eshatu zikora serivisi: Kuva ku "bushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu" kugeza ku "musaruro rusange"

Amahitamo meza ya robo ya servo ifite umurongo wa gatatu mu gutwara ibintu biremereye ni ubushobozi bwayo bukomeye bwo gutwara ibintu, hamwe n'ibyiza byayo byo gukora neza cyane, kudahungabana cyane, no koroherwa cyane. Ibi bituma habaho imikorere myiza muri rusange: gutwara ibintu byinshi kuri buri guterura, gushyira ibintu neza, no gukora neza igihe kirekire.

1. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo: Kurenga imipaka y'uburemere kugira ngo uhuze n'ibikenewe mu mirimo ikomeye

Roboti za servo zifite imiterere itatu zitanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo kuva kuri 50kg kugeza kuri 500kg, hamwe n’ubwoko bumwe na bumwe burengeje ibiro 1000. Zishobora gukora ku buryo bwinshi bwo gutwara ibikoresho biremereye mu nganda, nko gukoresha moteri mu nganda z’imodoka, guteranya ibice binini mu mashini z’ubwubatsi, no kohereza pallet zikomeye mu nganda z’ibikoresho. Imikorere yazo yo gutwara imizigo ishyigikiwe ahanini n’ikoranabuhanga ribiri ry’ingenzi:

Moteri ya servo ifite torque nyinshi: Ikoresheje moteri za servo zitumizwa mu mahanga, sisitemu itanga torque ihamye kandi igatuma ikora neza mu gihe cyuzuye, yirinda igihe cyo kuruhuka cyangwa kugabanuka k'umuvuduko bitewe n'imbaraga zidahagije.

Imiterere ya mekanike ikomeje: Ukuboko n'ingingo byubatswe mu bikoresho bikomeye bya aloyi (nk'icyuma cyazimye kandi gishyushye cya 45# n'icyuma cya aluminiyumu gikozwe mu buryo bwa die-cast), hamwe n'ibyuma bipima neza. Ibi bituma imiterere ikomera ndetse no mu gihe cy'imitwaro iremereye, bikarinda guhinduka kw'imiterere bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo buboneye.

Urugero, mu ruganda rukora ibikoresho by'imodoka, gutangiza robo y'imashini ikora ibikoresho bitatu ifite umutwaro wa kilogarama 200 byatumye robo ibasha gufata, gutwara no gushyira mu mwanya ibikoresho byo gutwara ibintu (bipima kilogarama 180 kuri buri kimwe), ibyo bikaba byarasabaga abakozi babiri gukoresha crane. Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha intoki imwe bwiyongereyeho 300%, bikuraho gukenera gukoresha intoki no kugabanya ibyago by'umutekano.

2. Ubuziranenge bwo gushyiramo: Kugereranya umutwaro n'ubuziranenge, kuzuza ibisabwa mu guteranya ubuziranenge

Ubusanzwe, "umutwaro mwinshi" ukunze kujyana no "gukora neza guke." Ariko, robo ya servo ifite umurongo wa gatatu igera ku "gukora neza cyane munsi y'imitwaro iremereye" binyuze mu guhuza sisitemu yo kugenzura servo n'uburyo bwo kohereza neza:

Igenzura rya Servo Closed-Loop: Ikoresheje sisitemu yo kugenzura ya PLC + servo drive closed-loop, robo itanga ibitekerezo byihuse ku mwanya n'umuvuduko, igahindura mu buryo bwikora ingufu zisohoka hashingiwe ku mpinduka z'umutwaro. Ibi bituma habaho ikosa ryo gushyiramo hagati ya ± 0.1mm na ± 0.5mm munsi y'umutwaro wose, ikujuje ibisabwa mu guteranya neza (urugero, gushyira ibikoresho biremereye hamwe n'ibikoresho, guhuza neza ibice byinshi).

Umukandara w'umupira ukozwe neza/Umukandara w'igihe: Ibice by'ingenzi by'umukandara bikoresha imikandara y'umupira ikozwe neza cyane cyangwa imikandara y'igihe, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo kohereza burenga 95%. Ibi bigabanya gutandukana kw'aho uhagaze bitewe no guhagarara, bigatuma habaho gushyirwaho neza mu gihe cy'inzira ibihumbi, cyane cyane mu mirimo yo kuyikoresha isubiramo. Nyuma yo gukoresha robo ya servo ifite imigozi itatu ifite umutwaro wa 300kg, ikigo cy'ubwubatsi cyagabanyije ikosa ryo guteranya hagati ya silindiri nini ya hydraulic (buri imwe ipima 280kg) n'umubiri w'imashini kuva kuri ±2mm kugeza kuri ±0.3mm, byongera igipimo cyo guteranya kuva kuri 85% kugeza kuri 99.5%, kandi bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kongera gukora bitewe n'amakosa yo guteranya ku kigero cya yuan arenga 500.000 buri mwaka.

3. Gutuza no Kwizerwa: Gukoresha imizigo myinshi igihe kirekire nta stress, kandi bigagabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyisana

Gukoresha ibikoresho biremereye bisaba cyane kudahungabana kw'ibikoresho. Kunanirwa mu gihe cy'imirimo yose bishobora guhagarika gusa imiyoboro y'ibikorwa, ahubwo bishobora no guteza kwangirika kw'ibikoresho cyangwa ingaruka z'umutekano bitewe n'uko ibikoresho bigwa. Roboti ya servo ifite imirongo itatu ikora neza mu gihe kirekire binyuze mu miterere ikurikira:

Uburinzi bw'umuzigo urenze urugero: Umuzigo uremereye wubatswemo, umuzigo uremereye w'amashanyarazi, n'uburinzi bw'umuzigo urenze urugero rw'ubushyuhe. Iyo umuzigo urenze agaciro kagenwe cyangwa ubushyuhe bwa moteri buri hejuru cyane, igikoresho kihita kizimya kandi kigatanga inzogera, bikarinda kwangirika kw'ibice by'ingenzi.

Igishushanyo mbonera kidasaba kubungabungwa: Ibice by'ingenzi (nk'imashini ya servo, feri, na vis yo gutwara) bifunze kugira ngo hirindwe ivumbi n'amavuta kwanduza. Sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta itanga amavuta yikora, bigagabanya kuyabungabungwa n'intoki. Igihe cy'ubusa hagati y'aho igikoresho kigeze (MTBF) gishobora kugera ku masaha arenga 8.000, kirenze cyane amasaha 5.000 y'amaboko asanzwe ya roboti.

Urugero, ikigo cy’ububiko bw’ibikoresho cyashyizeho roboti ya servo ifite ubushobozi bwa kilogarama 500 yo gutwara amapaleti aremereye (buri kimwe gipima ibiro 450) yinjira kandi asohoka mu bubiko. Ikora amasaha 12 ku munsi kandi isaba igenzura rimwe gusa buri kwezi. Amafaranga yo kubungabunga ari hasi ya 40% ugereranyije n’amakamyo asanzwe, kandi ikigo nticyigeze kigira ikibazo na kimwe mu kubika ibintu bitewe n’uko ibikoresho byangiritse.

4. Guhindura imiterere: Guhuza vuba n'ibintu bitandukanye no gusubiza ibyo umusaruro ukeneye mu buryo bworoshye.

Ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukoresha ibikoresho biremereye mu nzira ihamye (nk'amakaruni n'amaboko ya roboti yo hasi), roboti ya servo ifite axis eshatu itanga inyungu zikomeye zo koroshya imikorere:

Gushyiraho byoroshye: Nta nzira zikomeye zo hasi cyangwa ibyuma byo hejuru bikenewe kugira ngo bishyirweho; bishobora gushyirwa gusa ku butaka cyangwa ku ntebe yo gukoreraho, bigatuma habaho ahantu hato kandi bigahinduka hakurikijwe imiterere y’aho bakorera.

Guhindura Porogaramu Byihuse: Uburyo bwo kuyikoresha, ibipimo byo kuyikoresha, n'uburyo bwo kuyishyira mu mwanya bishobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe ecran yo mu bwoko bwa "touchscreen". Guhindura porogaramu ku mirimo itandukanye yo kuyikoresha bifata iminota 5-10 gusa, mu gihe ibikoresho bisanzwe bisaba amasaha cyangwa iminsi yo kuyikosora.

Ubufatanye bwa sitasiyo nyinshi: Bushobora guhuzwa n'imiyoboro y'itumanaho, AGV, n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo habeho ubufatanye bwa sitasiyo nyinshi. Urugero, ibikoresho biremereye bishobora gukurwa mu bubiko, bikimurwa mu bikoresho bitunganywa, hanyuma bikimurwa mu biro bigenzura nyuma yo gutunganywa. Ubu buryo bwikora bukuraho gukenera kohereza ibintu mu buryo bw'intoki.

III. Imiterere isanzwe y'ikoreshwa rya roboti eshatu zikoresha Servo: Kuva ku "Gukoresha rimwe" kugeza ku "Gutanga imbaraga mu buryo bwuzuye"

Ubushobozi bukomeye bw'iyi robo ya servo ifite imiyoboro itatu hamwe n'imikorere yayo yose byatumye ihinduka kuva ku "gikoresho kimwe gikoresha" ikajya ku "gikoresho cyuzuye cyo kongerera ubushobozi" mu nganda nyinshi. Ibi bikurikira ni ibintu bitatu bisanzwe bikoreshwa:

1. Gukora imodoka n'ibice byazo: "Ibisabwa bibiri" by'imizigo iremereye n'ubuhanga

Inganda z'imodoka ni urwego rw'ingenzi mu gutwara ibintu biremereye. Kuva ku bice by'umubiri byashyizweho ikimenyetso (50-150kg buri kimwe) kugeza kuri moteri na transmission (100-300kg buri kimwe), hakenewe ibikoresho byo gutwara ibintu biremereye kandi binoze cyane. Roboti za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu zishobora kugera kuri ibi bikurikira:

Ahantu ho gukanda: Fata ibyuma biremereye ubishyire ku gitereko, ubishyire ku gitereko cyo gukanda, hanyuma ubishyire ku kindi gikorwa nyuma yo gukanda, ukureho kwangirika guterwa no gukoresha intoki.

Ahantu ho Guteranya Ibintu: Kwimura neza ibice biremereye nka moteri n'imizingo y'inyuma mu myanya yabyo ku mubiri w'ikinyabiziga, hamwe n'amakosa yo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo muri ± 0.5mm kugira ngo umenye neza ko guteranya ibintu ari byiza.

Ububiko bw'Ibikoresho: Gupakira no gupakurura ibikoresho biremereye byuzuyemo ibice by'imodoka mu buryo bwikora, gusimbuza amakamyo yo guterura no kugabanya imirimo y'amaboko.

Nyuma y’uko uruganda rw’imodoka ruhuriweho rutangije robo 20 z’ibikoresho bya servo bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibiro 200-300kg, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibikoresho biremereye bwariyongereyeho 40%, igipimo cy’ikosa ryo guteranya cyaragabanutseho 60%, kandi amafaranga yo kuzigama ku mwaka y’abakozi yarenze miliyoni 3 z’amayuan.

2. Imashini z'ubwubatsi n'ibikoresho biremereye: "Imikorere ihamye" iri munsi y'umutwaro mwinshi

Imashini z'ubwubatsi (nk'imashini zicukura n'imashini zikora imirasire) ubusanzwe zifite ibice biremereye (urugero, indobo zicukura zipima 500-800kg imwe imwe) n'ingano nini. Uburyo gakondo bwo kuzikoresha bushingiye ku guhuza imashini n'ubuyobozi bw'intoki, ibyo bikaba bidakora neza kandi bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano. Roboti za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu (zishobora guhindurwa zifite umutwaro wa 500-1000kg) zituma:

Guhindura ibice binini mu iduka ry’ibikoresho mu buryo butarimo ubuyobozi bw’intoki, bityo bikarinda ko ibikoresho bigongana;

Gushyira ibice neza hamwe n'imibiri y'imashini, nko kwimura ipompo nini z'amazi mu myobo yo gushyiramo ku mibiri y'imashini ku buryo bungana na ± 1mm, bigabanyiriza icyuho cyo guteranya;

Gukoresha ibikoresho byarangiye bitari kuri interineti, nko kwimura imashini nto zicukura zateranijwe (zipima toni 3-5 kandi zigasaba guhuza robo nyinshi) kuva ku murongo w'ikorwa kugeza ku bubiko.

3. Ibikoresho n'ububiko: "Inzira nziza" y'amapaleti akomeye

Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ubucuruzi bushingiye kuri interineti n'ibikoresho byo mu nganda, icyifuzo cyo gukoresha pallet ziremereye (zuzuyemo ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, n'ibikoresho fatizo by'inganda) kiriyongera. Roboti za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu zishobora gukoreshwa hamwe n'ububiko bw'ibikoresho birebire na sisitemu za AGV kugira ngo bigerweho:

Gupakira no gupakurura amapaleti menshi mu bubiko buri mu mazi maremare, bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bugera kuri kg 500, byiyongereyeho 50% ugereranyije na cranes zisanzwe zo gupakira amapaleti;

Gutondekanya imizigo iremereye mu bikorwa byo gutwara imizigo bikorerwa mu mahanga, nko kwimura amapaleti y’ibikoresho fatizo by’inganda bingana na kg 300-400 biva mu makontenari bijya mu murongo wo gutondekanya, gusimbuza imirimo y’amaboko n’imashini zitwara imizigo, no kongera imikorere ku kigero cya 200%;

Guhuza neza imiyoboro y'ibikorwa n'ububiko, nko gutuma ibicuruzwa biremereye biva ku murongo w'ibikorwa byimurirwa mu buryo butaziguye na robo bijya ku mapaleti ya AGV, hanyuma bijyanwa mu bubiko na AGV, bigakuraho uburyo bwo kwimura ibintu hagati.

VI, Ni gute Roboti za Servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu zishobora kongera "akamaro k'umutwaro" wazo?

Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, ikoreshwa rya amayeri yo gucunga servo afite umurongo mutatu mu gucunga ibikoresho biremereye bizarushaho kwaguka, kandi ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gutwara imizigo nabwo buzazamurwa bugatuma birushaho kuba abahanga, bumvikana kandi birangwa n’ibidukikije.

Guhindura umutwaro mu buryo bw'ubwenge: Mu gushyiramo sensor (nk'ibipima uburemere n'ibipima imbaraga), kumenya no guhindura umutwaro mu buryo bwikora biragerwaho. Iyi manipulator ishobora kumenya uburemere bw'ibikoresho mu gihe nyacyo no kunoza umuvuduko w'ingufu n'ingendo, yirinda gutakaza ingufu guterwa n'"umuvuduko muto ku mitwaro iremereye n'umuvuduko mwinshi ku mitwaro yoroheje" mu gihe irushaho kunoza uburyo bwo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo.

Ubufatanye n'ubufatanye mu buryo bwinshi: Mu gihe kizaza, hazavuka sisitemu z'ubufatanye "zifite impande eshatu n'izifite impande nyinshi". Urugero, hazabaho ubufatanye mu buryo butatu Servo Manipulator ishobora cyane cyane kwihanganira imitwaro iremereye, mu gihe ukuboko kwa roboti kw'umurongo utandatu gushobora gukora umushinga wo guteranya neza, bigatuma habaho igisubizo cyuzuye cyo "gutunganya imitwaro iremereye + ibikorwa byoroshye."

Igishushanyo mbonera cy’icyatsi kibisi n’ingufu: Mu gihe cyongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu rigabanuka binyuze mu gukoresha neza moteri, gukoresha servo mu buryo bwo kuzigama ingufu, no kugarura ingufu za feri. Urugero, ubwoko bumwe bwa servo manipulator ifite amashami atatu ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bwa 300kg ikoresha ingufu nkeya 25% ugereranije n’ibikoresho bisanzwe, bikagabanya amafaranga arenga 10.000 y’amashanyarazi buri mwaka.

Umwanzuro: Gukoresha "Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo buhambaye" no Gutanga imbaraga "Ubushobozi bwo gukora neza"

Ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibikoresho biremereye kiri ahanini mu kutumvikana hagati y’ibisabwa mu gutwara imizigo n’ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho bihari. Utwuma duto twa servo, twibanda cyane ku "bushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwara imizigo," duhuza ubushishozi bwinshi, ituze ryinshi, no koroherwa cyane. Ntidukemura gusa "ikibazo cy'uburemere" bwo gukoresha ibikoresho biremereye, ahubwo tunanoza umusaruro kandi tukagabanya ibyago by’umutekano binyuze mu buryo bwuzuye bwo gukora, bigatuma tuba ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu mpinduka z’inganda zikora mu "nguni zigezweho."