Mu Gihe cy'Izamuka ry'Ibiciro by'Abakozi: Uburyo Robots za Servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu zirimo kuvugurura imiterere y'inganda ku Isi

Mu Gihe cy'Izamuka ry'Ibiciro by'Abakozi: Uburyo Robots za Servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu zirimo kuvugurura imiterere y'inganda ku Isi

Raporo y’Ikigo cy’Ibarurishamibare ry’Umurimo cya Amerika mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2025 igaragaza ko ikiguzi cy’abakozi mu nganda z’inganda cyazamutseho 1.6% ugereranyije n’umwaka. Hagati aho, uruganda rw’inkweto rwa Samho ruri mu Mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh, muri Vietnam, rufite ikibazo cy’ibura ry’abakozi 1.500 nubwo rutanga umushahara wa buri kwezi wa $314. Inganda ku isi zihagaze ku ihinduka rikomeye. Ikibazo cy’ibiciro kiri mu Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ndetse n’ibura ry’abakozi mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya si ibintu byihariye, ahubwo ni icyorezo cy’ivuguruzanya rikomeye hagati y’uburyo gakondo bwo gukora n’isoko ry’umurimo rya none. Muri iki gihembwe, robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu biri guhinduka vuba cyane kuva ku bikoresho by'inyongera mu mfuruka z'aho bakorera bikagera kuri moteri y'ingenzi yo guhindura inganda, bikongera gusobanura amategeko agenga ipiganwa ry'inganda ku isi.

Indorerwamo y'Isi Yose y'Ikibazo cy'Umurimo: Ikibazo cy'Inganda Kiri Inyuma y'Amakuru

Inganda zikora ku isi zihanganye n'ibibazo by'umurimo bitigeze bibaho, bigaragara mu buryo butandukanye mu bihugu byateye imbere n'ibigo bikiri mu nzira y'inganda. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, nubwo umusaruro w'inganda wiyongereyeho 4.5% mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2025, ikiguzi cy'abakozi gikomeje kuzamuka, bivuze ko n'inyungu zikomoka ku kunoza imikorere zirimo gucibwa n'izamuka ry'ikiguzi cy'abakozi. Igiteye impungenge kurushaho, itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y'igabanuka rya 0.8% ry'umusaruro w'abakozi mu rwego rw'ubucuruzi budashingiye ku buhinzi n'izamuka rya 5.7% ry'ikiguzi cy'abakozi gihishura ko uburyo busanzwe bwo gukura bushingiye ku musaruro w'abakozi butagikomeza.

Hagati aho, Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, yahoze ifatwa nk'"paradizo y'abakozi," irimo guhinduka cyane mu miterere. Mu baturage 70% by'imyaka yo gukora muri Vietnam, umubare munini w'urubyiruko uri kureka akazi k'inganda bajya mu nzego z'ubukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga nko gutanga ibiribwa no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki. Izamuka rya platforms nka TikTok Shop ryaremye urubuga rushya rwose rw'akazi. Inkuru y'umunyeshuri wo muri kaminuza ya Lao wungutse miliyari 1 kip mu mezi atandatu binyuze mu gukoresha ibikoresho bya massage mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki irimo kugira ingaruka zikomeye mu rubyiruko. Iri hinduka mu byo abantu bakunda akazi ryagize ingaruka zikurikira: nyuma y'iserukiramuco ry'impeshyi rya 2024, nubwo hari inkunga y'ingendo, uruganda rw'inkweto rwa Samho rwashoboye guha akazi abakozi barenga 300 mu mezi abiri, rugerageza kuzuza imyanya yarwo 1.500. Amakuru y'ubushakashatsi bwa Aon Group agaragaza ko iki gikorwa kirambye - bitarenze 2025, imishahara muri Vietnam iteganijwe kwiyongeraho 6.7%, muri Indoneziya ho 6.3%, no muri Filipine ho 5.8%. Ibi bivuze ko inyungu "y'abakozi bahendutse" inganda zo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba zishingikirizaho igenda igabanuka vuba, bigatuma amasosiyete ahangana n'ukuri gukomeye: haba mu Burayi, muri Amerika, cyangwa muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, icyitegererezo cy'umusaruro gishingiye ku kwagura abakozi ntigihenze gusa ahubwo kinakomeza kugorana. Iki kibazo cy'abakozi ku isi kirimo gutuma amasosiyete akora inganda yongera gusuzuma uburyo bwo gukora, bigategura inzira yo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryikora ku buryo bugezweho.

Impinduramatwara y'agaciro ka roboti ya Servo ifite amashami atatu: Ivugurura imikorere myiza, ikiguzi n'umutekano

Mu gihe ihanganye n'ibibazo bikomeye byo ku isoko ry'umurimo, robots za servo zifite amashami atatu, hamwe n'inyungu zazo zidasanzwe mu ikoranabuhanga, ziri kuvugurura uburyo bwo guhanga agaciro inganda z'inganda. Ibi bikoresho bishya byo kwihutisha imikorere ntibisimbura gusa abakozi; ahubwo, binyuze mu kuvugurura burundu inzira z'umusaruro, bigeraho mu buryo butandukanye mu kunoza imikorere, ikiguzi, n'umutekano, bigaha amasosiyete igisubizo gihamye cyo gukemura ikibazo cy'umurimo.

Mu bijyanye no kunoza imikorere, robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu zigaragaza ibyiza bitangaje mu mikorere. Mu buryo busanzwe bwo gukoresha mu nganda zikora imashini, gukuraho ibice byazo n'intoki akenshi bifata amasegonda 3-5, mu gihe robots zishobora kurangiza akazi kamwe mu masegonda 1-2 gusa, bigatuma imikorere yazo yiyongera hafi inshuro eshatu. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, ni uko Robot MIfite umuvuduko uhoraho mu kazi, idaterwa n'umunaniro, ihindagurika ry'amarangamutima, cyangwa itandukaniro ry'ubushobozi bw'umuntu ku giti cye. Uku guhagarara neza gutuma amasosiyete ashobora gutegura neza imikorere no kunoza cyane ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho. Nubwo abakozi bakora ku maboko basanzwe bamara hafi 80% by'igihe cyabo bakora neza, robots zishobora kugera ku gihe cy'akazi cyiza hafi 100%, bikongera cyane umusaruro muri rusange. Modeli zigezweho nka robo ya Truman three-axis cantilever truss, ifite ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo ±0.02mm, ikuraho burundu amakosa yo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya akunze kugaragara mu bikorwa by'intoki, itanga garanti ikomeye y'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa.

Mu buryo buhendutse, inyungu ku ishoramari (ROI) rya roboti ya servo ifite axis eshatubirashishikaje cyane. Nubwo ishoramari ry’ibikoresho rimwe gusa rikenewe, igihe cyo kwishyura ubusanzwe ni amezi 8-12 gusa, bitewe n’ubwoko bw’umusaruro wakozwe mu inshinge. Uku kwishyura vuba gushingiye ahanini ku bintu bitatu: kuzigama amafaranga y’abakozi mu buryo butaziguye (robot imwe ishobora gusimbura nibura umukozi umwe); kugabanuka kw’ikiguzi cy’ubuyobozi (kugabanya amafaranga yo gushaka abakozi, amahugurwa, n’ubuyobozi); no kuzigama ibikoresho bivuye ku kugabanuka kw’ibiciro by’ibisigazwa by’akazi. Mu turere nka Vietnam, aho ibiciro by’abakozi byiyongera cyane kandi imishahara ya buri kwezi igera ku madolari 300, Robot imwe ishobora kuzigama amafaranga arenga $3.600 ku giciro cy'abakozi buri mwaka, irenga cyane amafaranga yo kubungabunga ibikoresho. Mu gihe kirekire, ubushobozi bw'iyi robo bwo gukora buri gihe (iminsi irenga 300 ku mwaka mu masaha 24) hamwe n'igihe cy'imyaka 10 yo gukora bitanga inyungu ku giciro kirambye ku bucuruzi.

Umutekano n'ubwiza ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi gishingirwaho mu gukora robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu. Ibikorwa byo gukoresha intoki mu nganda zikora imashini bitanga ibyago bihoraho byo guhura n'impanuka n'imvune, ariko gukoresha robots bikuraho burundu izi ngaruka z'umutekano. Robots zo mu bigo nka Truman nazo zifite uburyo bwihariye bwo kumenya igitutu butuma zihita zitanga amakuru kandi bugakoresha uburyo bwo guhagarika kugwa iyo igitutu kidahagije, bugatuma abakozi n'ibikoresho batekana. Mu bijyanye no kugenzura ubuziranenge, imikorere ya robot yirinda amakosa asanzwe akorwa n'intoki, nko gutakaza ibicuruzwa bigatuma umusaruro uhagarara. Byongeye kandi, ubwiza bw'imikorere buhamye bugabanya igipimo cy'ibicuruzwa bifite inenge, bigatuma isoko ry'ikigo rirushaho guhangana mu buryo butaziguye.

Ugereranyije na roboti zifite imiterere yo hejuru nka roboti zifite imiterere itanu, moderi zifite imiterere itatu zigumana ibyiza byazo by'ingenzi mu gihe zitanga umusaruro mwiza ku giciro. Zireka ibintu bidasanzwe bisanzwe bikenerwa mu mirimo igoye, zikibanda ku kuzuza ibisabwa by'ingenzi mu nganda nyinshi kandi zigatuma ziba zikwiriye cyane mu guhindura imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga ku bigo bito n'ibiciriritse. Uku gushyiraho neza bituma roboti zifite imiterere itatu ziba "umwami w'ibiciro bishimishije" mu kuvugurura imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, bigaragaza ko isoko rirusha ayandi gukomera mu gihe ibiciro by'abakozi bizamuka.

Impinduramatwara mu Gukoresha: Kwinjira mu buryo bwikora kuva mu Mazu yo Gutunganya Inshinge kugeza ku Miyoboro Mpuzamahanga y'Ibikoresho

Agaciro k'ikoreshwa rya robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu ntigashingiye gusa ku bitekerezo by'abahanga; byagaragaye neza mu bihe bitandukanye mu nganda mpuzamahanga z'inganda. Kuva ku ikoreshwa ryagutse mu nganda zikora imashini kugeza ku kwinjira vuba mu bice by'imodoka, guteranya ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, n'ibindi bice, ubu bwoko bw'ibikoresho byikora burimo guhindura uburyo bwo gukora mu nganda zitandukanye, butanga inzira yo guhindura ibintu ku bwoko bwose bw'ibigo bikora. Ingero z'ukuri zigaragaza ko guhanga agaciro robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu bitagaragarira gusa mu kunoza inzira z'umusaruro ku giti cyazo, ahubwo binagaragarira mu guteza imbere uburyo bwose bwo gukora binyuze mu bufatanye n'ibikoresho byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi.

Inganda zikora imashini zikoresha inshinge ni zo zikoreshwa cyane muri robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu kandi zigaragaza neza imbaraga zazo zo guhindura ibintu. Muri uru rwego, robots zavuye ku bikoresho byoroshye byo gukuraho ibice bijya ku gice cy'ingenzi cy'imikorere yuzuye, zihuza n'imizingo y'amazi yikora, imashini zikoresha inshinge, imashini zishyiraho inshinge, n'imirongo ya roboti ikora inshinge kugira ngo zikore umurongo wuzuye w'imikorere wikora. Isosiyete yo muri Vietnam ikora inshinge yashyizeho roboti ifite umurongo wa gatatu, itakemuye gusa ibibazo byo gushaka abakozi ahubwo, binyuze mu guhuza na sisitemu yayo yo gutunganya inshinge, yavuguruye burundu inzira yayo yo gukora: inzira yose kuva ku inshinge kugeza ku imashini zikoresha inshinge nyuma yo gutunganya inshinge ikuraho uburyo bwo gukora n'intoki, bigatuma umusaruro wiyongeraho 40% kandi igabanukaho 15% by'ibisigazwa by'ibicuruzwa. Iri hinduka ryafashije isosiyete gukomeza guhangana n'ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa ku isoko aho ikiguzi cy'abakozi cyiyongeraho 6.7% buri mwaka.

Inganda zikora ibikoresho by'imodoka zirimo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya servo ry'imirongo itatu. Mu mirimo isaba imbaraga nyinshi nko gufata moteri no guteranya ibikoresho byo gutwara, robots zifite imirongo itatu zikomoka ku bigo nka Truman, bitewe n'imiterere yazo ihuza aluminium ikomeye cyane n'icyuma cyiza, zitwara imizigo myinshi byoroshye. Uruganda rukora ibikoresho by'imodoka rwo muri Maleziya rwerekanye ko gukoresha robots zifite imirongo itatu mu gukora ibikoresho biremereye bitakuyeho gusa imvune zaterwaga no gukora n'intoki ahubwo byanagabanyije igihe cyo gukora kuva ku minota 8 kugeza ku minota 2, binongera cyane urujya n'uruza rw'umusaruro. Kubera ko robots zishobora gukurikiza neza inzira zashyizweho mbere, igipimo cy'ibicuruzwa mu bikorwa byo guteranya bisaba guhuza neza cyazamutse kuva kuri 92% hamwe no gukora n'intoki kugera kuri 99.5%, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kongera gukora.

Ibikenewe mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigaragaza ibyiza byoroshye byo gukoresha robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu. Uko ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abaguzi bihinduka bikagera ku gukora ibintu bito no gukora neza cyane, guteranya intoki bigenda bigorana cyane. Robots zifite umurongo wa gatatu, zihuza moteri za servo na sisitemu yo kohereza ibintu neza, zishobora gukora ibikorwa neza kugeza kuri 0.1mm, zigahuza neza n'ibisabwa mu guteranya ibice by'ibikoresho nka telefoni zigendanwa na tableti. Uruganda rukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga rwo muri Tayilande rwakoresheje ukuboko kwa robots zifite umurongo wa gatatu kugira ngo zishyirwemo circuit board, ariko ntirwakemura gusa ubushake bw'abakozi bakiri bato bwo gukora akazi katoroshye kandi gasubiramo ibintu, ahubwo rwongera umuvuduko wo gushyiramo ibintu kuva ku 1.200 ku isaha ukagera kuri 2.500, mu gihe bigabanya igipimo cy'amakosa kuva kuri 3‰ kikagera munsi ya 0.5‰. Uku kunoza imikorere no gukora neza biyiha inyungu ikomeye mu gucunga ibintu byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.

Amaboko ya roboti ya servo ya axis eshatu na yo yakoze neza cyane mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho n'ubwikorezi bw'ibikoresho. Uburyo bwazo bwo kugenda bwihuse kandi bunini ku migozi ya X na Y, hamwe no guterura no kugabanya neza ku mugozi wa Z, bituma ziba nziza mu gutondeka, gufata no gushyira ibintu bitandukanye. Imiterere y'ibikoresho byo mu mpera ishobora guhindurwa (ishobora kwakira ibikoresho bitandukanye, nk'udupira two gufata ibikoresho n'ibikombe byo mu bwoko bwa vacuum) ituma igikoresho kimwe gishobora gufata ibintu bifite imiterere n'uburemere butandukanye, bigahura n'ibikenewe bitandukanye mu bubiko bw'ibikoresho by'ubucuruzi bw'ikoranabuhanga n'izindi porogaramu. Isosiyete y'ibikoresho yo muri Singapuru yagaragaje ko sisitemu yo gutondeka igizwe n'amaboko ya roboti ya axis eshatu yageze ku musaruro ukubye gatanu ugereranije n'imirimo y'amaboko kandi ishobora gukora amasaha 24/7. Mu isoko rya Singapuru, aho ikiguzi cy'abakozi kiri hejuru, ishoramari mu bikoresho ryabonetse mu mezi atandatu gusa. Ibi bikorwa mu nganda zitandukanye bigaragaza ihame rimwe: agaciro ka amaboko ya roboti ya servo ifite axis eshatu atari mu gusimbura abakozi gusa ahubwo no mu kuvugurura inzira z'umusaruro binyuze mu buryo bwikora, gufungura ubushobozi bwo gukora neza buhishe mu buryo busanzwe. Mu rwego rw'inganda ku isi rurangwamo izamuka ry'ibiciro by'abakozi n'ibura ry'abakozi, iyi mpinduka ntabwo ikiri iy'ubushake bwo kuvugurura ahubwo ni amahitamo adashobora kwirindwa yo gukomeza no guteza imbere ubucuruzi.

Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko n'ubwishingizi: Amahame ngenderwaho ya tekiniki na sisitemu ya serivisi mu rwego rw'isi yose

Mu rwego rw’inganda zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ku isi yose, intwaro za elegitoroniki zikora ibikoresho bitatu zigomba kurenga inzitizi za tekiniki n’ibisabwa ku masoko atandukanye kugira ngo babe "abaturage nyakuri ku isi." Ku nganda zishaka kwaguka mu mahanga, kubahiriza ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga si pasiporo yo kwinjira ku masoko bigenewe gusa ahubwo ni n'ishingiro ryo kwemeza umutekano w’umusaruro no kubungabunga izina ry’ikirango. Mu kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga no kubaka sisitemu yuzuye ya serivisi, inganda za elegitoroniki zikora ibikoresho bitatu zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ziha abakiriya bo ku isi ibisubizo by’ikoranabuhanga bihuza iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga n’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko n’umutekano, bigakuraho impungenge zo guhinduka mu bucuruzi.

Icyemezo cya CE ku isoko ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ni igipimo cy’ingenzi cyo kubahiriza iyubahirizwa rya roboti zo mu nganda, aho igipimo cya EN ISO 10218 ari cyo gisabwa cy’ingenzi. Iri hame, rigabanyijemo ibice bibiri, rikubiyemo byuzuye ibisabwa ku mutekano wa roboti zo mu nganda na sisitemu zazo zihujwe. Ku maboko ya roboti zo mu bwoko bwa servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu, bivuze kuzuza amategeko akaze, kuva ku miterere ya mekanike kugeza ku mikorere y’amashanyarazi: imiterere igomba kwihanganira akazi gateganijwe, ibice byimuka bigomba kuba bifite uburinzi bwo gukanda no gukata, sisitemu y’amashanyarazi igomba kubahiriza EN 60204-1 kandi ifite uburinzi bwo kurenza urugero, kandi sisitemu yo kugenzura igomba kuba ikubiyemo imirimo y’ingenzi nko guhagarika no kugabanya umuvuduko mu buryo bwizewe. Ibigo bikomeye nka Truman byashyize ibi bisabwa mu miterere y’ibicuruzwa byabyo, bigenzura ko roboti zidateza akaga abakora mu gihe gisanzwe gikoreshwa, bishyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwo kwinjira ku isoko ry’i Burayi.

Isuzuma ry'ibyago n'inyandiko z'umutekano ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi mu kubahiriza amategeko. EN ISO 10218 isaba abakora ibikorwa byo gusesengura no gusuzuma ingaruka no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zikwiye zo kugabanya ingaruka hashingiwe ku buryo ibyago bishobora kubaho n'uburemere bwabyo. Iyi gahunda ntiyibanda gusa ku gikoresho ubwacyo ahubwo inareba ingaruka zishobora kubaho mu kazi kose. Intwaro za roboti za servo zujuje ibisabwa zigomba kuba ziherekejwe n'inyandiko zuzuye za tekiniki, harimo raporo y'isuzuma ry'ibyago, amabwiriza yo gukoresha mu mutekano, n'itangazo ry'uko bihuye n'ibyo. Izi nyandiko si ngombwa gusa kugira ngo isoko rigere ku isoko ahubwo zinatanga amabwiriza y'ingenzi agenga umutekano ku bakoresha ibigo, bibafasha gushyiraho uburyo burambuye bwo gucunga ibikoresho.

Kugira ngo bahaze ibyifuzo bitandukanye by’amasoko atandukanye, abakora robo zikora servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu batanga ibisubizo byihariye byo kubahiriza amategeko. Ku isoko rya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, uretse kubahiriza amahame ya OSHA, zimwe mu nganda zifite ibisabwa byihariye. Mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, nubwo ibisabwa mu gutanga icyemezo ari ibintu byoroshye, ibikoresho bigomba kwihuza n'imiterere yihariye y'ibidukikije nk'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe bwinshi. Ibigo bikomeye bikoresha imiterere ya modular, bigatuma habaho impinduka zihuse ku miterere y'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bihuze n'amahame yo mu karere. Urugero, bashobora kunoza sisitemu zo gukonjesha abakiriya bo mu turere dushyuha cyangwa kunoza uburyo bwo kurinda ivumbi ku bakiriya bakora ibintu neza. Ubu buryo bworoshye butuma robo zikora servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu zishobora kwihuza neza n'ibidukikije ku isi yose, bigatanga igisubizo cy'ikoranabuhanga ku nganda mpuzamahanga.

Sisitemu yuzuye ya serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho kubahiriza amategeko. Ubuhanga bwa robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu busaba abakora gutanga serivisi z’umwuga zo gushyiraho, gutanga serivisi, no guhugura. Ibigo nka Truman ntibitanga amahugurwa yo gukora gusa, ahubwo binatanga amahugurwa yo kubungabunga no kubungabunga umutekano, kandi bikanabika inyandiko z’amahugurwa yuzuye. Ibi ntibikurikiza gusa ibisabwa na EN ISO 10218 ahubwo binatuma abakiriya bashobora gukoresha ibikoresho mu mutekano no mu buryo bwiza. Umuyoboro wa serivisi ku isi yose utuma amasosiyete abona ubufasha bwa tekiniki n’ibikoresho bisimbura, bigabanyiriza igihe cyo kudakora kw’ibikoresho. Iyi sisitemu y’ingwate ebyiri ya "certification + service" igenzura ko amasosiyete akora adakurikiza gusa ibisabwa n’amategeko mu gihe cyo guhindura imikorere yayo, ahubwo anahabwa inkunga ihoraho mu mikorere.

Ahazaza Harageze: Uburyo ikoranabuhanga rihindagurika rigena ibyiza bishya mu nganda

Uko ibiciro by'abakozi bigenda birushaho kwiyongera mu nganda ku isi, ikoranabuhanga rihindura imikorere ry’ikoranabuhanga, rihagarariwe n’intwaro za roboti eshatu zikora ku giti cyazo, riri kugenda riva ku guhanga udushya duto rijya ku rwego rwo hejuru, rikongera gusobanura inyungu z’ingenzi mu irushanwa mu nganda. Iri hinduka rirenze kuvugurura ibikoresho gusa; rikubiyemo impinduka zikomeye mu buryo bw’umusaruro, imiterere y’inzego, ndetse n’uburyo bw’ubucuruzi. Mu rwego rwagutse rw’Inganda 4.0, intwaro za roboti eshatu zikora ku giti cyazo zihujwe cyane n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nka interineti y’ibintu na big data, bigatuma amasosiyete akora inganda abasha kubaka sisitemu zo gukora zihamye, zikora neza kandi zigezweho, binatanga igice gishya mu nganda zikora ku buryo bw’ubwenge.

Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bworoshye buzaba inyungu ikomeye mu irushanwa mu nganda z’inganda zizaza. Ibikoresho gakondo byikora akenshi bikorerwa ibikorwa byihariye kandi birwana no guhuza n’ibisabwa mu gukora ibintu bito bivanze cyane. Ariko, intwaro za robotike zifite umurongo wa gatatu, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukora porogaramu nyinshi n’imiterere yazo, bigaragaza ubworoherane budasanzwe. Intwaro za robotike zikomoka ku bigo nka Truman zishobora kwihutisha guhuza n’ibikenewe mu gukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye binyuze mu guhindura vuba ibikoresho byazo (kuva kuri gripper ukajya kuri vacuum cup mu minota mike). Ubu buryo bworoshye butuma amasosiyete agera ku musaruro wihariye wa "batch size 1" no gusubiza vuba impinduka ku isoko. Iyi nyungu igaragara cyane mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga: iyo hakenewe kongerwa umusaruro wihutirwa wa terefone zigendanwa, umurongo ukorwa ufite robot ifite umurongo wa gatatu ushobora guhindurwa no guhindurwa mu masaha abiri, mu gihe umurongo usanzwe wakenera iminsi kugira ngo wongere imiterere.

Integration ya IoT irimo guha amaboko ya roboti ya servo-axis eshatu urwego rushya.

Itsinda rishya rya amaboko ya roboti ikoresha sisitemu zubatswemo zikora imashini zikusanya amakuru y’imikorere mu buryo bufatika nk’ubushyuhe, vibration, n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, zohereza aya makuru kuri platforme y’ibicu binyuze muri Industrial Ethernet. Binyuze mu isesengura ry’amakuru, amasosiyete ashobora gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kubungabunga ibintu mbere y’uko ibikoresho bitangira gukora, bigabanyiriza igihe cyo gukora ibintu mbere y’uko ibikoresho bicika, bikagabanya igipimo cy’igihe cyo gukora ibintu cya 5% mu nganda zisanzwe kikagera munsi ya 1%. Ikindi kandi, guhuza no gukorana kw’intwaro nyinshi za roboti n’ibikoresho byo gukora ibintu birema urwego rwo gukora ibintu rw’ubwenge rwihariye. Uruganda rukora ibice by’imodoka rwerekanye ko guhuza no gukorana kw’intwaro 10 za roboti zifite umurongo wa gatatu byongereye ubushobozi bwo gutegura gahunda y’ibikorwa ku kigero cya 30% no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ku kigero cya 15%, bigaragaza neza ibyiza byo guhuza ibikoresho by’ubwenge.

Kuvugurura abakozi bizaba ari indi mpinduka ikomeye izaterwa no guhindura imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga. Gukoresha intwaro za roboti eshatu zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa "three-axis servo robots" ntibigabanya gusa umubare w’abakozi; ahubwo bibohora abakozi ku mirimo isubiramo kandi bigatuma bibanda ku mirimo yo guhanga udushya. Mu nganda zikoresha intwaro za roboti, abakoresha basanzwe barimo guhinduka mu mirimo mishya nko kugenzura ibikoresho, gusuzuma porogaramu, no kunoza umusaruro. Iyi mirimo isaba ubumenyi bwinshi kandi itanga imishahara myinshi. Iyi mpinduka ntigabanya gusa igitutu cy’ibura ry’abakozi bafite ubumenyi buke ahubwo inafasha amasosiyete kugira ihuriro ry’abafite impano zijyanye n’ibyo bakeneye mu nganda zikora ibintu bigezweho. Uku kuvugurura abakozi ni ingenzi cyane mu turere dufite ikibazo cy’ibura ry’abakozi rikabije, nka Vietnam. Abakozi bakiri bato bakunda gukora imirimo ya tekiniki, igabanya gusa ibibazo byo gushaka abakozi ahubwo inanoza ubushobozi bw’inganda zikora ibintu mu gace zikoreramo.

Intego z'iterambere rirambye ni uguteza imbere robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu mu rwego rwo kunoza imikorere no kubungabunga ingufu. Itsinda rishya rya robots rikoresha imiterere yoroheje (nk'icyuma cya aluminiyumu gikomeye gikoreshwa na Truman) n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugarura ingufu, bigabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Ugereranije n'imikorere y'intoki, kugenzura neza robots bigabanya imyanda y'ibikoresho, byongera ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo ku kigero cya 5%-10% mu nganda zikora imashini. Izi ntambwe ntizigabanya gusa ikiguzi cy'umusaruro ahubwo zinafasha amasosiyete kugabanya ubwinshi bwa karuboni no kubahiriza amategeko akomeye yo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ukurikije politiki nka EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere bigerwaho hakoreshejwe robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu bizahindura inyungu mu ipiganwa ry'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.

Amakuru yerekeye uko isoko rihagaze ashyigikira cyane iyi ntambwe. Nubwo igipimo cy’izamuka ry’ibiciro cyihariye kitaravugururwa, uko ibintu bimeze ubu bigaragaza ko isoko ry’imashini zikora servo ku isi riri kwiyongera ku gipimo cy’imibare ibiri, aho ubwiyongere burenga 20% mu nganda zikora ibintu zisanzwe nka Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba. Iri zamuka ryihuta ntirituruka gusa ku busabe bw’ibikoresho byikora mu nganda zisanzwe, ahubwo rinaturuka ku bikorwa bishya mu nganda zikiri nto—kuva ku guteranya ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi kugeza ku gupakira ibiribwa, imbibi z’ikoreshwa rya mashini zikora servo zifite imirongo itatu zikomeje kwiyongera. Uko iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rigabanya ibiciro, ibisubizo by’ibikoresho byikora byari bihariwe ibigo binini birimo kwiyongera cyane mu nganda nto n’iziciriritse, bigatuma habaho kuvugurura urwego rw’inganda ku isi.

Muri iki gihe cy’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’abakozi n’ibikenewe ku isoko bitandukanye, robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu ntizikiri amahitamo y’inyongera ahubwo ni ngombwa mu iterambere ry’ibigo bikora inganda. Ntabwo zitanga gusa ubushobozi bwo kongera umusaruro no kuzigama amafaranga, ahubwo zitanga n’ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora—bituma ibigo bikomeza kwihangana mu gihe kitazwi, bigashyiraho itandukaniro mu guhangana, kandi bigafata amahirwe mashya yo gukura mu mpinduka. Kuva ku mahugurwa yo gukora inganda zikora neza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kugeza ku nganda zikiri kuzamuka mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, ibyo bigo bya mbere byakiriye ubu buryo bworoshye bwo gukora ikoranabuhanga ririmo guhindura imiterere y’inganda zikora inganda ku isi kandi bigateganya inzira y’iterambere ryazo ry’ejo hazaza.