Ibigomba kwitabwaho mu bijyanye n'ibijyanye n'ubwikorezi, ubwikorezi, no kwishyura gasutamo mu gihe cyo kugura roboti ya servo ifite amashami atanu

Kugura Roboti ya Servo ifite umurongo wa gatanu: Ibisabwa ku bijyanye n'ibicuruzwa, ubwikorezi, n'imisoro ku misoro

Mu rwego rwo gukora ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatanu, bitewe n'ubuhanga bwazo bwo hejuru n'ubushobozi bwazo bworoshye, byahindutse ibikoresho by'ingenzi ku nganda nyinshi kugira ngo byongere umusaruro. Ariko, iyo uguze robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatanu ku bacuruzi bo mu mahanga, ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu, gutwara abantu, no kwishyura gasutamo akenshi bitera imbogamizi nyinshi. Iyo bifashwe nabi, ibi ntibishobora gutera gutinda gutanga ibikoresho gusa n'ibiciro by'inyongera, ahubwo bishobora no kwangiza ibikoresho, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere. Iyi nkuru izasobanura neza ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho no kwishyura gasutamo mu gihe ugura robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatanu uhereye ku ngingo enye: gutegura mbere yo kugura, inzira yose yo gutwara abantu n'ibintu, ahantu h'ingenzi ho kwishyura gasutamo, n'ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago. Ibi bizafasha ibigo kurangiza neza kugura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho.

Ubwa mbere, Gutegura mbere yo kugura: Gutegura inzira yo kwishyura ibicuruzwa n'imisoro ku misoro

Mbere yo gutangira kugura roboti ya servo ifite umurongo wa gatanu, gutegura neza mbere yo kugura ni ingenzi mu kugabanya ibyago byo gutwara ibintu n'ibyago byo kwishyura ibicuruzwa. Ibigo byinshi byibanda ku bipimo by'ibikoresho n'ibiganiro ku biciro, ariko birengagiza akazi ko gutegura ibijyanye no gutwara ibintu n'ibyago byo kwishyura ibicuruzwa, bigatuma habaho inzira idakora. Intambwe eshatu z'ingenzi zikurikira zo gutegura zigomba kwitabwaho by'umwihariko:

1. Gusobanura neza amakuru y'ibanze ku bikoresho no kugenzura ko byubahirizwa n'amahame agenga ubwikorezi

Roboti za servo zifite umurongo mugari eshanu ni ibikoresho by’inganda bigezweho. Uburemere, ingano, n’ibikoresho by’ingenzi byazo (nk’ibinyabiziga bya servo, ibigabanya, na sisitemu zo kugenzura) bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bijyanye n’ubwikorezi n’ibisabwa ku misoro ya gasutamo. Amakuru akurikira agomba kwandikwa neza n’abatanga serivisi mu cyiciro cya mbere cyo gutanga amasoko:

Ibipimo by'ibikoresho: Ibi birimo uburemere bwihariye (ibikoresho birimo bigomba kugaragazwa ukwabyo), ingano rusange (uburebure × ubugari × uburebure, butanyuranyije na santimetero yegereye), hamwe n'uburemere rusange n'ingano (bikoreshwa mu kubara ikiguzi cy'imizigo no kugena ubushobozi bw'imodoka itwara);

Urutonde rw'ibice by'ingenzi: Ibi birimo moteri ya servo, ikirango cya reducer, n'ubwoko bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura (nk'icyitegererezo cya PLC) kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda mu gihe cyo kwemererwa kwa gasutamo bitewe n'amakuru abura ku bice;

Kumenya ibicuruzwa bishobora guteza akaga: Bigera kuri bitanu-Roboti zo mu bwoko bwa Axis bishobora kuba birimo ibikoresho bishobora gushya mu buryo bwa hydraulic cyangwa mu bice bisiga amavuta. Abatanga ibicuruzwa bagomba gusabwa gutanga "Raporo y'Igenamiterere ry'Ibicuruzwa Bifite Akaga" mbere y'igihe kugira ngo bemeze niba bikurikiza amabwiriza agenga ubwikorezi bwambukiranya imipaka. Ibi bishobora gukumira ko ibicuruzwa bifungwa kubera gutanga raporo zitari zo.

2. Hitamo abatanga serivisi z'ibijyanye n'ubwikorezi bw'umwuga hanyuma usobanure inshingano

Gutwara servo ifite umurongo wa gatanu Ukuboko kwa Robotics isaba ubuhanga bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyane butangwa n'abatanga serivisi z'ibicuruzwa. Amasosiyete asanzwe atwara imizigo akenshi nta bunararibonye afite mu gutwara ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, bigatuma ibikoresho bigwa nabi bitewe n'udusimba n'imitingito. Mu guhitamo utanga serivisi z'ibicuruzwa, ibande ku bushobozi bukurikira:

Ubunararibonye mu nganda: Shyira imbere abatanga serivisi bafite ubunararibonye mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu mahanga Robots zo mu nganda/ibikoresho bigezweho. Saba ko batanga ibisubizo by'ubwikorezi bya kera (urugero, niba bakoresha amapaleti adatembera cyangwa amakontena agenzurwa n'ubushyuhe) hamwe n'ibitekerezo by'abakiriya.

Icyemezo cy'Ububasha: Kugenzura ko utanga serivisi afite Icyemezo Mpuzamahanga cyo Kwiyandikisha mu Bicuruzwa Bishobora Gutwara Ibintu Bisanzwe n'Icyemezo cy'Ubucuruzi kitari Ubwikorezi Busanzwe (NVOCC). Niba atwara ibicuruzwa biteje akaga, agomba kandi kuba afite Icyemezo cyo Kwimura Ibintu Bishobora Gutwara ...

Ingingo z'Amasezerano: Amasezerano yo gutwara ibintu agomba gusobanura neza inshingano z'ibyangiritse ku bikoresho (urugero, niba ibyangiritse mu gihe cyo gutwara ibintu byatewe no gupakira nabi cyangwa gutigita cyane, utanga ibikoresho azaba ashinzwe gusana cyangwa kwishyura), no gutinza indishyi (urugero, niba ibicuruzwa byageze bitinze kubera amakosa y'utanga ibikoresho, azishyurwa igihano cya buri munsi kingana na 0.5%-1% by'agaciro k'amasezerano). Byongeye kandi, gusaba utanga ibikoresho gutanga serivisi zo gukurikirana imizigo mu buryo bwuzuye (urugero, gukurikirana GPS mu buryo bwihuse no kumenyesha amakuru ajyanye n'igihe) kugira ngo ikigo kimenye uko ibicuruzwa bihagaze igihe cyose.

Icya kabiri, inzira yose yo gutwara ibintu n'ubwikorezi: kugenzura neza kuva ku gupakira kugeza ku gutanga

Ubuhanga bwa roboti ya servo ifite axis eshanu itegeka ko inzira yayo yo gutwara isaba "uburinzi bw'igihe cyose." Uburangare mu ntambwe iyo ari yo yose bushobora gutera igihombo kidasubirwaho. Ibi bikurikira birambuye ku ngingo z'ingenzi z'ingenzi zo gutwara ibintu mu buryo butatu: gupakira, guhitamo uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu, no kugenzura uko ibintu bigenda mu buryo.

1. Gupakira: "Umurongo wa mbere w'Ubwugarizi" ku bikoresho by'ubuhanga

Gupfunyika ni ingenzi mu gukumira kwangirika kw'ibikoresho mu gihe cyo kubitwara. Gahunda yihariye yo gupfunyika igomba gukorwa hashingiwe ku miterere y'ibikoresho n'aho bikorerwa. Irinde gukoresha ikarito isanzwe cyangwa udusanduku tworoheje tw'ibiti.

Uburinzi bw'imbere: Ibice by'ingenzi nka moteri za servo na reducer bigomba gupfunyikwa n'ipamba y'amapera (ubugari bwa cm 5) n'umupfundikizo w'amabara (nibura urwego rutatu). Ifuro ryo gupfunyika rigomba gushyirwa hagati y'igice n'agasanduku ko gupfunyikamo kugira ngo hirindwe ko bigenda. Imbuga za sisitemu yo kugenzura zigomba gushyirwa mu dukapu dutandukanye two kurwanya static hanyuma zigashyirwa mu dusanduku tudapfa amazi, dufunze kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika guterwa n'ubushuhe n'amashanyarazi adahindagurika.

Gupakira hanze: Hagomba gukoreshwa udusanduku twa plywood twakozwe ku giti cyazo (ubugari bwa mm 15). Hagomba gushyirwamo uduce tw'icyuma two gushimangira imbere mu dusanduku. Hagomba gushyirwamo amapine ya Universal hasi kugira ngo byoroshye gupakira no gupakurura, kandi hagashyirwaho uduti turinda kunyerera kugira ngo tudatemba mu gihe cyo gutwara. Niba ibikoresho bipima ibiro birenga 500, hagomba gushyirwamo uduce two gupakurura ku gisanduku cy'imbaho ​​kugira ngo byoroshye gupakurura no gupakurura.

Gusiba ibirango: Shyira ibimenyetso by'uburinzi nka "Ibikoresho Byujuje Ubuziranenge, Gufata neza," "Gushyira Hejuru," "Bidatera Ubushuhe," na "Bidatera Ihungabana" ahantu hagaragara inyuma y'agasanduku (ukoresheje udupapuro tw'urumuri kugira ngo ubone neza nijoro cyangwa ahantu hafite urumuri ruto). Nanone andika izina ry'igikoresho, icyitegererezo, uburemere rusange, ingano, n'amakuru y'uwo gikoresha kugira ngo wirinde ko cyaba kidasobanutse cyangwa cyatakaye.

2. Guhitamo Uburyo bwo Gutwara Abantu: Kunganya Imikorere myiza n'Umutekano

Gutwara robots zo mu bwoko bwa servo zifite umurongo wa gatanu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryambukiranya imipaka ahanini bikubiyemo gutwara abantu mu mazi cyangwa mu kirere. Amahitamo agomba gushingira ku bwihutirwe bw'igurwa, umubare w'ibikoresho, n'ingengo y'imari. Ibigomba kwitabwaho kuri ubwo buryo bwombi ni ibi bikurikira:

Ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi (bukwiriye kugura ibintu byinshi kandi bidasaba kwihuta):

Ibyiza: Ibiciro byo gutwara imizigo biri hasi (hafi 1/3-1/5 by'ubwikorezi bw'indege), ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bwinshi, kandi birakwiriye gutwara robo nyinshi icyarimwe.

Icyitonderwa: Hitamo "umutwaro wuzuye w'ibikoresho" (FCL) aho guhitamo "umutwaro muto ugereranyije n'umutwaro w'ibikoresho" (LCL) kugira ngo wirinde gukurura no kugongana guterwa no kuvanga n'ibindi bicuruzwa. Gutwara ibintu mu mazi bifata igihe kirekire (ubusanzwe iminsi 15-30). Ibintu bikingira ubushuhe bigomba gushyirwa mu masanduku y'ibiti (amapaki 2-3 kuri metero kibe, buri imwe ipima nibura garama 500). Imashini ifata ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe igomba kandi gushyirwamo mu gikoresho kugira ngo ikurikirane impinduka z'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu gihe cyo gutwara (ubushyuhe bwiza ni 5-35°C, ubushuhe ni 10-15°C). 40%-60%). Niba ingano irenze iyi ntera, menyesha umutanga serivisi z'ibikoresho ako kanya kugira ngo ahindure.

Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere (Byakwiriye kugura byihutirwa, ibikoresho bimwe):

Ibyiza: Gutanga vuba (ubusanzwe iminsi 3-7), bikemura vuba ibyo umuntu akeneye mu buryo bwihutirwa.

Icyitonderwa: Menya neza ko ikigo cy’indege gifite "ibipimo by’ibikoresho byo gutwara ibintu mu kirere neza" kugira ngo hirindwe ibikoresho biremereye cyane (robot imwe ifite imigozi itanu isanzwe ipima ibiro 300-1000) cyangwa idasobanutse neza kandi idashobora gupakirwa. Gutwara ibintu mu kirere bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo gupakira, kandi imigozi y'icyuma igomba kongerwaho inyuma y'isanduku y'ibiti kugira ngo hirindwe ko hacika bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko mu gihe cyo gutwara ibintu mu misozi miremire. Nanone, reba mbere y'igihe ibikoresho byo gupakira no gupakurura ku kibuga cy'indege (urugero, niba hari ibikoresho biremereye cyangwa ibikoresho byo guterura) kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda guterwa n'ibibazo byo gupakurura ibintu ku kibuga cy'indege.

3. Gukurikirana mu gihe cy'urugendo: Gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo no gusubiza vuba ibibazo bidasanzwe

Gukurikirana ibintu mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kugabanya ingaruka. Ibigo bigomba gukorana n'abatanga serivisi z'ibijyanye n'ubwikorezi kugira ngo hashyirweho uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu byinshi:

Kwemeza Urusobe rw'Ibintu Bikorerwa mu Bicuruzwa: Gusaba abatanga serivisi z'ubwikorezi gutanga vuba inyandiko (nk'inyandiko zo kohereza, nimero z'ikarita y'ubwikorezi, amatangazo yo kuhagera, na kopi z'inyandiko zo kwemererwa gutwara ibicuruzwa zasuwe) mu bikorwa by'ingenzi, harimo kohereza ibicuruzwa, kubipakira, kuhagera, kubisohora mu modoka, no kubigeza inzu ku nzu, kugira ngo harebwe ko bizakurikiranwa muri buri cyiciro.

Gukemura Ibitagenda neza: Mu gihe habayeho ibintu bikomeye nk'inkubi z'umuyaga, ubucucike bw'ibyambu, n'itinda ry'indege, abatanga serivisi z'ubwikorezi bagomba gutanga "Ibisobanuro by'Ibibazo Bidasanzwe" na "Gahunda yo Gusubiza" (nk'ivugurura ry'inzira, guhindura ingendo z'indege/ubwato), no kuvugurura icyarimwe igihe cyagenwe cyo kuhagera (ETA) mu masaha 24. Aho imizigo iherereye hadakurikije amategeko (nk'itandukaniro ry'inzira yateganijwe cyangwa gutinda igihe kirekire) bigomba guhita bimenyeshwa umutanga serivisi z'ubwikorezi kugira ngo hakorwe iperereza ku bibazo byose bijyanye n'igihombo cyangwa gufungwa kw'imizigo.

Icya gatatu, kwemererwa kwa gasutamo: Gukurikiza imenyekanisha rya gasutamo ni ingenzi mu kwirinda inzitizi za gasutamo.

Gutanga uburenganzira ku misoro ya gasutamo ku ntwaro za roboti zifite umurongo wa gatanu bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi, harimo gushyira ibikoresho mu byiciro, gutegura inyandiko, no kubara imisoro. Kutubahiriza amabwiriza agenga imenyekanisha rya gasutamo bishobora gutuma habaho igenzura rya gasutamo, gufungwa, gucibwa amande, ndetse no kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'ikigo mu gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Ibi bikurikira birambuye ku ngamba zo kwishyura uburenganzira ku misoro muri gasutamo uhereye ku ngingo eshatu: gutegura mbere yo gutanga uburenganzira ku misoro, ingingo z'ingenzi zo gutanga uburenganzira ku misoro, no gucunga igenzura rya gasutamo:

1. Gutanga uburenganzira mbere y'igihe: Tegura inyandiko zuzuye mbere y'igihe kandi wemeze ishyirwa mu byiciro n'imisoro

Kuba inyandiko z’imisoro ku gasutamo zuzuye kandi zikora neza ni ngombwa kugira ngo imisoro ku gasutamo igende neza. Ibigo bigomba gutegura inyandiko zikurikira iminsi 7-10 mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bihagera kandi bikemeza ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’ibikoresho n’imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumijwe mu gihugu:

Urutonde rw'inyandiko z'ingenzi:

Inyemezabwishyu y'ubucuruzi (igomba kugaragaza izina ry'ibikoresho, icyitegererezo, ingano, igiciro cy'igikoresho, igiciro cyose, amasezerano y'ubucuruzi nka FOB/CIF, n'uburyo bwo kwishyura);

Urutonde rw'ibipaki (rugomba kuba ruhuye n'inyemezabuguzi y'ubucuruzi, rugaragaza uburemere rusange, ingano, n'ibikubiye muri buri paki);

Inyemezabwishyu y'imodoka (inyemezabwishyu y'imodoka yo mu nyanja cyangwa inyemezabwishyu y'indege, yemeza uwatanze ibicuruzwa no kumenyesha amakuru y'uruhande ari yo kandi ko inyemezabwishyu yujuje ibisabwa);

Icyemezo cy'aho ibikoresho bikomoka (niba ibikoresho bikomoka mu gihugu gifite amasezerano y'ubucuruzi n'Ubushinwa/ Ku turere nka ASEAN na EU, ushobora gutanga icyemezo cy'aho ibicuruzwa bikomoka kugira ngo usabe kugabanyirizwa imisoro no gusonerwa, bigabanye ikiguzi cyo kugura ibikoresho.

Igitabo cy'amabwiriza y'ibikoresho (kigomba kuba kirimo amahame ngiro y'igikoresho, urutonde rw'ibice by'ingenzi, n'ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, hamwe n'ubuhinduzi bw'Igishinwa n'Icyongereza kugira ngo byorohereze gasutamo gusobanukirwa imikorere y'igikoresho).

Uruhushya rwo kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu (Niba roboti ya servo ifite amashami atanu ishyirwa mu cyiciro cya "ibicuruzwa byemewe n'amategeko byinjira mu gihugu," ugomba gusaba uruhushya rwo kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu mbere y'igihe muri Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi cyangwa inzego z'ubucuruzi zo mu gace kugira ngo wirinde gufungwa kubera kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu bidafite uruhushya).

Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibikoresho n'iyemeza igipimo cy'umusoro: Dukurikije "Imisoro ya Gasutamo ya Repubulika y'Abaturage y'Ubushinwa," robots za servo zifite amashami atanu muri rusange zishyirwa mu cyiciro cya "robots zo mu nganda" zifite kode y'umusoro ya "90138030" (ishyirwa mu byiciro runaka riterwa n'imikorere n'imiterere y'igikoresho. Ni byiza kugisha inama umuhuza wa gasutamo w'umwuga cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe gushyira mu byiciro gasutamo). Imisoro y'ibitumizwa muri rusange ni 5%-8%, naho igipimo cya TVA ni 13%. Ni ngombwa kubara ikiguzi cy'umusoro mbere y'igihe no gutegura amafaranga ahagije yo kwishyura.

2. Ingingo z'ingenzi z'Itangazo: Tangaza ukuri, wirinde gutangaza cyangwa guhisha

Mu gihe utangaza ko ugomba kwemererwa kwishyura kuri gasutamo, kurikiza cyane ihame ryo "gutangaza ukuri" kugira ngo wirinde ibyago biterwa no "gutangaza ibiciro bidafite agaciro" cyangwa "ibice bihisha":

Itangazo ry'Ibiciro: Igiciro kiri ku nyemezabuguzi y'ubucuruzi kigomba kuba gihuye n'igiciro nyacyo cy'ibikorwa (harimo n'igiciro cy'ibikoresho, ibikoresho, imizigo, ubwishingizi, nibindi. Niba ukoresheje ijambo ry'ubucuruzi rya CIF, umubare w'imizigo n'ubwishingizi ugomba kugaragazwa). Ibi birinda gasutamo kumenya "ubucuruzi bwa magendu" buterwa no "gutangaza munsi y'ibiciro" no gucibwa amande (ubusanzwe inshuro 1-3 z'umusoro utishyuwe) cyangwa gufatirwa ibicuruzwa. Niba ibikoresho ari "icyitegererezo" cyangwa "ipaki y'igerageza," hagomba gutangwa "Itangazo ry'Itangazo ry'Ikiguzi cy'Ubucuruzi", rivuga "Kubera igeragezwa gusa, ntabwo ari ukugurishwa" kugira ngo hirindwe kwishyura imisoro n'amafaranga menshi binyuze mu kubivuga nk'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe.

Itangazo ry'Ibice: Ibice byose by'ibikoresho (harimo moteri za servo, imashini zigabanya ibikoresho, insinga, sisitemu zo kugenzura, nibindi) bigomba kwandikwa ku rutonde rw'ibipakira no ku ifishi y'imenyekanisha kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda kwemererwa kwa gasutamo guterwa no "guhisha ibice by'ingenzi" mu gihe cy'igenzura. Niba ibice birimo "Impamyabumenyi ya 3C" (nk'iya moteri n'ibice by'amashanyarazi), "Impamyabumenyi y'Impamyabumenyi y'Ubushinwa" (Impamyabumenyi ya 3C) igomba gutangwa mbere y'igihe. Ibice bidafite Impamyabumenyi ya 3C bigomba gusaba "Impamyabumenyi y'Impamyabumenyi ya 3C"; bitabaye ibyo, uburenganzira bwa gasutamo buzateshwa agaciro.

3. Igenzura rya gasutamo: Gukorana neza no kwitegura mbere y'igihe

Imbunda za roboti zifite umurongo wa gatanu ni ibikoresho by'ubuhanga kandi bifite agaciro kanini, bigatuma zishobora gusuzumwa na gasutamo. Ibigo bigomba kwitegura mbere kandi bigakorana neza n'igenzura rya gasutamo kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda guterwa n'ibisubizo bidakwiye:

Gutegura Igenzura Mbere: Mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bigera ku cyambu, vugana n'umuhuza wa gasutamo kugira ngo wumve ingingo zihuriweho zo kugenzura gasutamo (nk'uko ibikoresho bihuye n'amakuru yatangajwe, niba ibice byuzuye, ndetse niba hari imizigo ihishe). Tegura igitabo cy'amabwiriza y'ibikoresho, urutonde rw'ibice, n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo byoroshye kugenzura gasutamo. Niba ibikoresho bisaba isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi, tegura adaptateri y'amashanyarazi (yujuje amabwiriza y'amashanyarazi yo mu Bushinwa) mbere y'igihe. 220V) kugira ngo gasutamo ishobore kugenzura imikorere y'igikoresho.

Ubufatanye mu gihe cy'igenzura: Mu gihe cy'igenzura rya gasutamo, umutekinisiye uzi neza ibikoresho agomba kuba ahari kugira ngo afashe gasutamo kugenzura icyitegererezo, ingano, n'ibice by'ibikoresho kandi asubize ibibazo byose bijyanye n'imikorere yabyo. Niba gasutamo isaba gupakurura ibikoresho kugira ngo bigenzurwe, tegeka abakozi bapakurura ibikoresho kwitonda kugira ngo birinde kwangirika mu gihe cyo kubipakurura. Nyuma y'uko igenzura rirangiye, yemeza ibitekerezo bya gasutamo ku nyandiko z'igenzura. Niba hari imbogamizi zivutse, vugana vuba n'umuhuzabikorwa wa gasutamo na gasutamo kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo bikurikiraho bitezwa n'itandukaniro riri mu nyandiko.

Gutunganya Nyuma yo Gusuzuma: Niba igenzura ari ibisanzwe, gasutamo izatanga "Itangazo ry'Igenzura n'Irekurwa" kandi ushobora gukomeza inzira zo kwemererwa na gasutamo. Niba igenzura rigaragaje ibibazo (nk'ibitandukanye mu itangazo cyangwa inyandiko zibura), ugomba gutanga amakuru y'inyongera vuba (nk'uko wongeye gutanga icyemezo cy'aho ukomoka cyangwa gusaba icyemezo cyo kwemererwa cya 3C) cyangwa gukora ibikosorwa (nk'uko wakosora amakuru yatangajwe) nk'uko bisabwa na gasutamo. Iyo ibikosorwa birangiye, ongera usabe igenzura kugira ngo harebwe ko kwemererwa vuba.

Icya kane, ingamba zo guhangana n'ingaruka: Gushyiraho uburyo bwo "guteganya ingaruka z'impanuka no gusuzuma" kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo.

Nubwo haba hari imyiteguro ihagije, ibintu bitunguranye bishobora kubaho mu gihe cyo gutanga serivisi zo gutwara abantu n'ibintu no kwishyura imisoro. Ibigo bigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwo "guteganya ingaruka z'ibyago n'isuzuma ry'ibyago nyuma y'ibikorwa" kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo no kunoza imikorere myiza y'amasoko nyuma y'ibyo:

1. Gahunda y'Ibibazo Bishobora Guterwa n'Ingaruka: Tegura gahunda yo guhangana n'ingaruka mbere y'igihe kugira ngo ugabanye igihombo

Ku birebana n'ingaruka zikunze kubaho mu gihe cyo gutanga serivisi z'ubwikorezi n'iza gasutamo, hagomba gukorwa "gahunda y'ubutabazi ijyanye n'ingeri zitandukanye" mbere y'igihe:

Ingaruka zo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho: Mu gihe cyo kugura ibikoresho, shyira umukono ku "Amasezerano y'Ingwate y'Ibikoresho" n'umutanga serivisi kugira ngo asobanure neza inshingano zo gusana ibyangiritse mu gihe cyo gutwara (urugero, umutanga serivisi agomba gutanga gahunda yo gusana mu masaha 72 nyuma yo kwakira imenyesha ry'ibyangiritse, kandi ikiguzi cyo gusana kizishyurwa n'ushinzwe kubisana). Nanone, gura "ubwishingizi bw'ubwikorezi bwambukiranya imipaka" ku bikoresho (urugero, ubwishingizi bw'ibyago byose bufite ubwishingizi bungana nibura 110% by'agaciro kose k'ibikoresho). Ubu bwishingizi bureba ibyangiritse by'ibikoresho byatewe n'impanuka, gutigita, inkongi y'umuriro, ibiza, n'izindi ngaruka mu gihe cyo gutwara ibintu, urebe neza ko ubwishingizi bushobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya ikiguzi mu gihe habayeho igihombo.

Ingaruka zo gutinda ku misoro: Mu masezerano yo gutanga amasoko, wemeranya n'umutanga ibicuruzwa ku "Inshingano zo gutinda ku misoro" (niba imisoro ya gasutamo yatinze kubera inyandiko zuzuye zatanzwe n'umutanga ibicuruzwa, umutanga ibicuruzwa azahanishwa igihano cyo gutinda kugezwa). Nanone, teganya "igihe cyo guhagarara" kugira ngo ugereranye igihe giteganyijwe cyo kuhagera kw'ibikoresho n'ibyo ikigo gikeneye mu musaruro (urugero, mbere yuko ibikoresho bihagera). Kohereza ibicuruzwa bishobora gutegurwa mu minsi 15-20) kugira ngo hirindwe ihungabana ry'umusaruro riterwa no gutinda kugezwa ku misoro.

Ingaruka zo kwiyongera kw'imisoro n'amafaranga: Vugana n'umuhuzabikorwa wa gasutamo mbere y'igihe kugira ngo wemeze neza uburyo ibikoresho bishyirwa mu byiciro kugira ngo hirindwe ko imisoro n'amafaranga menshi bitangwa bitewe no gushyirwa mu byiciro bitari byo. Niba gasutamo itemera igiciro cyatangajwe, tegura "ibikoresho bishyigikira ibiciro" (nk'amasezerano y'ibikorwa byashize, ibiciro by'isoko ry'ibikoresho bisa, n'inyandiko z'ibaruramari ry'ibiciro by'umutangabuguzi) mbere y'igihe kugira ngo werekane ko igiciro cyatangajwe kuri gasutamo gikwiye kandi wirinde kurenza urugero rw'igiciro cyatanzwe na gasutamo, bishobora gutuma imisoro n'amafaranga byiyongera.

2. Isuzuma rya nyuma y'igikorwa: Gusobanura muri make amasomo yavuyemo no kunoza inzira zikurikiraho

Nyuma ya buri kugura, amasosiyete agomba gutegura inama yo gusuzuma nyuma y'igikorwa hamwe n'amashami agenga ibikoresho, amasoko, imari n'andi mashami abishinzwe kugira ngo basuzume ibibazo n'amasomo byavuye mu gikorwa cyo kugenzura ibikoresho no gutanga serivisi zo kugurisha ibicuruzwa ku buntu:

Isesengura ry'ibibazo: Kwandika ibibazo byose byagaragaye mu gihe cyo kugura (urugero: gutinda koherezwa n'umutanga serivisi zo gutwara ibintu, impapuro zabuze zo kwemererwa ibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa byafatiriwe na gasutamo), no gusesengura impamvu (urugero: kudategura neza inyandiko za mbere, guhitamo nabi umutanga serivisi zo gutwara ibintu, amakuru atari yo yerekeye imenyekanisha, nibindi);

Ibyigwa: Gutegura "ingamba zo kunoza" kuri buri kibazo (urugero, kuvugurura urutonde rw'itegurwa ry'inyandiko, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusuzuma abatanga serivisi z'itumanaho, kunoza inzira yo gutangaza), no gushyira aya masomo yigishijwe muri "Procurement SOP" (Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gukora) kugira ngo ibibazo nk'ibyo byirindwe mu gihe cyo kugura nyuma;

Isuzuma ry'abafatanyabikorwa: Suzuma amanota y'abatanga serivisi z'ubwikorezi n'umuhuzabikorwa wa gasutamo (hashingiwe ku muvuduko wa serivisi, ubuhanga, kugenzura ikiguzi, n'ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo). Hitamo abafatanyabikorwa beza ku bufatanye bw'igihe kirekire kandi ukureho abadafite serivisi nziza n'ubushobozi buke.

Umwanzuro
Ibijyanye n'ibijyanye n'ubwikorezi, ubwikorezi, n'imisoro ya gasutamo bya kugura ukuboko kwa roboti ifite umurongo wa gatanu ni umushinga uhamye, usaba imicungire ihamye mu byiciro bine: gutegura mbere yo gukora, kugenzura ubwikorezi, kubahiriza amategeko agenga imisoro, no kugabanya ibyago. Ibigo ntibigomba kwibanda gusa ku bwiza n'igiciro cy'ibikoresho ubwabyo, ahubwo no ku kiguzi cyihishe n'ingaruka zo gutwara no gusohora ibicuruzwa muri gasutamo. Mu guhitamo abafatanyabikorwa b'inzobere, gutegura neza inyandiko, no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubikurikirana, bishobora gutuma ibikoresho bitangwa neza kandi bigashyirwa mu bikorwa neza. Ni mu gushyira ibikoresho mu bikorwa no gusohora ibicuruzwa muri gasutamo mu buryo rusange bwo gutanga amasoko, ni bwo gusa dushobora kugera ku kugura neza intwaro za robotike eshanu kandi tugatanga ishingiro rikomeye ku bigo bivugurura ibikorwa byabyo mu buryo bwikora.