Gukoresha robots z'imashini zikora inshinge zifite umurongo wa gatanu mu rwego rw'imodoka

Imirongo itanu Roboti zo Gutera Inshinge: Imbaraga z'ingenzi mu kuvugurura uburyo bwo gukora imodoka neza kandi neza

Mu gihe inganda zikora imodoka zihinduka zigana ku gukora ibintu by’ubwenge, byoroheje kandi binoze, inzira yo gushushanya imodoka, intambwe ikomeye mu gukora imbere mu modoka, inyuma, n’ibiyigize, ihura n’ikibazo cy’ivugurura ridasanzwe. Gushushanya imodoka gakondo, birangwamo ibibazo nko gukuraho ibice n’intoki, kudashyira neza aho zishyirwa, no guhuza imodoka nyinshi, ntibigishobora guhaza ibisabwa bikomeye by’imodoka zigezweho kugira ngo zigire imiterere ihamye, igihe cyo gukora, no kugenzura ikiguzi. robots zo gushushanya inshinge zifite umurongo wa gatanu, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwabyo bwo koroshya ibintu mu buryo bwinshi, uburyo bwo gushyira ibintu neza mu mwanya wa milimetero, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bwikora cyane, byabaye igikoresho cy’ingenzi cyo gukemura ibibazo byo gukora imashini zitera imodoka, binjiza ibikoresho byo gukora ibice by’imodoka mu gihe gishya cy’imikorere myiza, ituze, n’ubwenge.

Ubwa mbere, Kuki ari batanu-Roboti zo mu bwoko bwa Axis Ni ngombwa mu gukora imodoka? — Gusuzuma agaciro kazo mu buryo bw'ibanze bushingiye ku ngingo z'ububabare mu nganda

Ibisabwa n'inganda zikora imodoka ku bice byabumbwe mu injection bimaze igihe kinini birenga urugero rw'ibanze rwa "gukora". Byaba ari ibikoresho byo mu nzu n'ibicanisho by'inzugi, ama-bumpers n'ama-grilles yo hanze, cyangwa seal n'ibikoresho bikora neza bikikije moteri, byose bigomba kuzuza ibisabwa bitatu by'ingenzi bya **"guhuza neza, ubuso budafite inenge, no guhuza neza". Inzitizi z'uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora injection molding zabaye inzitizi zibangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibi bisabwa:

Imbogamizi nziza: Gukuraho ibice n'intoki bishobora gutuma ibice bihinduka bitewe n'amakosa mu mikorere. Roboti zifite umurongo umwe cyangwa eshatu zigarukira ku ngendo zoroshye zo hejuru no hasi no imbere no inyuma, kandi ntizishobora gufata neza no kwimura ibice bigoye bizinze ku duce twinshi. Ibi bitera ibibazo nko gutandukana kw'icyuho n'ibifunga bidahuye neza mu gihe cyo guteranya nyuma.

Imbogamizi mu mikorere myiza: Ikorwa ry'imodoka rikunze gukoresha icyitegererezo "cy'umuvuduko". Uburyo gakondo bwo gukora "gutera inshinge - gukuraho ibice n'intoki - kugenzura ubuziranenge - kwimura" buragabanywamo ibice. Imashini imwe yo gutera inshinge isaba umukozi umwe cyangwa babiri, kandi guhindura ibishingwe bifata iminota 30-60, bigatuma bigorana kumenyera ibisabwa mu gukora "igice kimwe kugeza kuri bibiri ku munota" byihuse cyane.

Ingorane y'ibiciro: Ikiguzi cy'abakozi kiriyongera buri mwaka, kandi kudahungabana kw'imikorere y'intoki bigira ingaruka ku bintu nk'umunaniro n'ibyiyumvo. Igipimo cy'inenge gikunze kuguma kuri 2%-5%, mu gihe igipimo cy'inenge mu nganda z'imodoka cyagabanutse kikagera munsi ya 0.1%. Igitutu cyo kugenzura ikiguzi cy'uburyo busanzwe burimo kwiyongera cyane.

Roboti zifite amashami atanu zikora imashini zikora imashini, binyuze mu kugenzura neza ingendo zigororotse ku mirasire ya X, Y, na Z no kuzenguruka ku mirasire ya A na B, zirenga imipaka y'ibikoresho gakondo, bigatuma gufata neza, gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo, guteranya no kugenzura kuri 360°. Agaciro kazo k'ingenzi ntigashingiye gusa ku gusimbuza imirimo y'amaboko ahubwo no mu guhuza imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga n'ubuhanga bwo hejuru. Iri koranabuhanga rinoza uburyo bwo gukora ibice byakozwe mu modoka kugeza kuri ±0.02mm, rigabanya ubusembwa bukagera munsi ya 0.05%, kandi rikongera ubushobozi bwo gukora kuri buri gice ku kigero cya 40%-60%, bigatuma biba ikintu gisanzwe ku bakora imodoka mu kugabanya ibiciro, kongera ubushobozi, no kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibindi bikoresho.

Icya kabiri, Kwinjira mu buryo bwimbitse: Imiterere y'ibanze y'imashini zikora imashini zikora inshinge mu buryo butanu mu nganda z'imodoka

Kuva imbere kugeza inyuma, kuva ku bice bikora kugeza ku buryo bw'umutekano, frobots z'imashini zikora inshinge zo gushushanya byashyizwe mu buryo bwimbitse mu muyoboro wose w’imashini zikora imashini zikoresha inshinge. Ubushobozi bwayo bworoshye bwo kugenda no ku rwego rwo hejuru rwo guhindura ibintu butuma ihura n’ibikenewe mu gukora ibice bitandukanye. Ibi bikurikira ni isesengura ry’ibintu bitanu by’ingenzi bikoreshwa:

1. Ibice by'imbere by'imodoka: "Abarinzi b'ubwiza" bafite ubwiza n'ubuziranenge bw'ubuso
Ibice by'imbere by'imodoka (nk'imirongo y'ibikoresho, imitako y'inzugi, n'aho ibikoresho byo hagati bishyirwa) ntibigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa gusa, ahubwo bigomba no gusaba amahame yo hejuru cyane yo kurangiza ubuso, kudashwanyagurika no kudasimbuka. Roboti gakondo zishobora gushwanyagurika byoroshye ibice bitewe n'inguni zidafata neza iyo zikuramo ibice, cyangwa zigatera amakosa mu mikorere yo gusudira no gupfunyika nyuma yo gusimburwa.
Roboti y’imashini ikora ibikoresho byo gushushanya ifite umurongo wa gatanu ikoresha uburyo bwo kuzunguruka neza ku migozi ya A na B kugira ngo ihindure inguni yo gufata ku buso bugororotse bw’ibice by’imbere. Iyo ihujwe n’ibikombe byo gukurura ibintu bivamo umwuka cyangwa ibikoresho byo gufata, igera ku "gufata neza no kwimura neza" kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika k’ubuso. Byongeye kandi, kugenda neza kw’imigozi yayo ya Z-axis na rotary axes byemerera kwimura ibice by’imbere bikozwe mu buryo butaziguye ku bice bikurikira byo gushushanya no gupfunyika uruhu, bikuraho gukenera gushyirwa mu mwanya wa kabiri no kugabanya igihe cyo guhindura ibintu ku kigero kirenga 50%. Urugero, uruganda rukora imodoka rwakoresheje roboi ifite umurongo wa gatanu kugira ngo rukore amafuremu y’ibikoresho, ntabwo rwakomeje gusa kwihanganira uburebure buri hagati ya ±0.03mm ahubwo rwanagabanyije igipimo cy’ubusembwa kuva kuri 3% kugeza kuri 0.08%, rugabanya amafaranga arenga miliyoni 2 y’amayuan mu ikoreshwa ry’ivugurura buri mwaka.

2. Ibice byo hanze by'imodoka: "Ubuhanga bwo gutunganya neza" mu miterere igoye
Ibice by'inyuma by'imodoka (nk'amabamper, grille, n'indorerwamo) akenshi ni inyubako nini kandi zigoye zigomba guhuzwa neza n'ibindi bice by'umubiri. Ibi bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse cyane mu gufata, gukata no guteranya nyuma yo gushushanya. Urugero, bamper ihuza ibice byinshi bikora, nko gushyira radar hamwe n'icyuma gifata amatara y'igihu. Gukora bisanzwe bisaba gukata burr n'intoki no kugenzura imyobo, ibyo bikaba bidakora neza kandi bishobora gukorerwa igenzura ritagenze neza. Roboti y'imashini ikora inshinge eshanu ishobora gushyirwaho sisitemu yo kugenzura amashusho n'ibikoresho byo gukata umwuka. Mu gihe cyo gukuraho ibice, ihita ibona burr ikoresheje uburyo bwo kumenya amashusho kandi igahindura inguni yo gukata hakoreshejwe umurongo wa A na B, bigatuma habaho "gukata - gukuraho igice - gukata - kugenzura". Ku myobo yo gushyiraho hagati ya bumper n'umubiri, roboti ishobora kumanuka neza binyuze mu murongo wa Z kandi, ikoresheje pin zo gushaka, ihuza imyobo, ikareba ko ihuye neza mu gihe cyo guteranya nyuma. Nyuma y’uko ikigo gishya cy’imodoka zikoresha ingufu gishyize ahagaragara robo ifite umurongo wa gatanu wo gukora bumpers z’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, igihe cyo gukora umurongo umwe cyagabanijwe kuva ku minota 3 kuri buri gice kigera ku minota 1.2 kuri buri gice, kandi igipimo cyo kudahuza umwobo cyagabanutse kuva kuri 1.5% kigera kuri 0.05%, birushaho kunoza imikorere y’umubiri.

3. Ibyuma by'imodoka: Umutekano ushingiye ku buryo burambuye
Nubwo ari ntoya, ibishushanyo by'imodoka (nk'ibishushanyo by'inzugi, ibishushanyo by'amavuta ya moteri, n'ibishushanyo by'izuba) bifitanye isano itaziguye n'uburyo imodoka irinda amazi, irinda ivumbi, irinda amajwi, n'imikorere y'umutekano. Bisaba ko binonosorwa neza mu buryo burambuye kandi bikagira imiterere ihamye. Mu bikorwa bisanzwe, ibishushanyo bisaba gukata no gufunga ingingo nyuma yo kuzishyiraho, bishobora gutuma zifunga neza bitewe n'uko inguni yo gukata ihinduka.

Roboti y’imashini ikora ibikoresho byo gushushanya ifite umurongo wa gatanu, ifite umurongo wayo uzenguruka neza cyane hamwe n’uburyo bwo kugenzura imbaraga, ihindura inguni yo gukata hakurikijwe imiterere y’igice cy’imashini, ikagera ku "gukata ako kanya nyuma yo gushushanya" kandi ikarinda ko ibice bihinduka gukonja no kugira ingaruka ku buryo buboneye. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwayo bwo guhuza imiterere myinshi butuma imashini zicagagurwa zijyanwa mu buryo butaziguye ku gice cyo gufunga no gufunga. Sisitemu yo kugenzura imbaraga igenzura umuvuduko wo gufunga kugira ngo ifatanye neza. Nyuma yo gukoresha roboti ifite umurongo wa gatanu, uruganda rukora imashini zifunga imodoka rwanogeje uburyo bwo gukata neza igice cyo gufunga kuva kuri ± 0.1mm kugeza kuri ± 0.02mm, kandi igipimo cyo gutsinda mu isuzuma ry’imikorere yo gufunga cyariyongereye kuva kuri 92% kigera kuri 99.8%, bituma igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa byayo kigera ku isonga mu nganda.

4. Inzu zikora neza z'imodoka: "Iterambere ry'imikorere myiza" binyuze mu guhuza inzira nyinshi
Imiyoboro y'imodoka ikora neza (nk'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikoresha moteri, n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikoresha umwuka ushyushye) akenshi ni imiterere ivanze ivanga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'imiyoboro y'ibyuma. Uburyo bwo kuyikora busaba intambwe nyinshi, harimo gushyiramo imiyoboro, kuyishyiraho, kuyikuramo no kuyipima. Ubusanzwe, gushyiramo imiyoboro bishingiye ku mirimo y'amaboko, bishobora gutuma habaho amakosa yo gushyiramo imiyoboro no gutuma imiyoboro inanirwa.
Roboti ifite amashami atanu ishobora gufata ibyuma byinshi icyarimwe ikoresheje icyuma cyihariye (nk'icyuma gifata imiyoboro myinshi). Ikoresheje uburyo nyabwo bwo gushyiramo ibyuma ku mpande za X, Y, na Z, yinjiza mu mwanya wagenwe mbere y'uko ibyuma bishyirwamo, igera ku buziranenge bwa ± 0.01mm. Nyuma yo gushyiramo ibyuma, roboti ikuramo icyuma gishyirwamo ibyuma ikakijyana mu kigo gipima ubushyuhe bw'umwuka, bigatuma inzira yose yo "gupima ibyuma bishyirwamo ibyuma". Nyuma yo gushyiramo icyuma gikoresha amashami atanu ku kigo gishya gikoresha amashanyarazi, igipimo cy'ibikoresho bikoresha ibyuma bishyirwamo ibyuma bya bateri cyagabanutse kuva kuri 5% kigera kuri 0.1%, kandi umubare w'abakozi kuri buri murongo w'umusaruro wagabanutse kuva kuri 8 ugera kuri 2, bituma amafaranga y'abakozi arenga miliyoni 3 z'amayuan agabanuka buri mwaka.

5. Ibice bito by'imodoka bifite imiterere myiza: "Micromanipulator" igabanya imipaka yo gukoresha Micromanipulation
Ibice bito by'imodoka bifite imiterere ihamye (nk'udupfundikizo tw'amajwi, udupfundikizo tw'amajwi, n'udupfundikizo tw'amajwi) ubusanzwe ingano yabyo iri hagati ya mm 5 na 20. Bifite imiterere igoye kandi bisaba imiterere ihanitse cyane n'ubwiza bw'ubuso, bigatuma bigora amaboko gakondo ya robo gufata no gutwara neza.

Imashini zikora ibikoresho byo gushushanya zifite umurongo wa gatanu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihuza igikoresho gito cyo kureba n’uburyo bwo kubona ibintu mu buryo bwo hejuru kugira ngo "bimenyekane neza, bifate neza, kandi bitware neza" ibice bito bito. Urugero, mu gukora ibikoresho byo gupima, robot ikoresha uburyo bwo kubona ibintu kugira ngo ibone utwobo duto two gushyiramo ibintu, ihindura inguni y’ibikoresho ikoresheje uburyo bwa A-axis, hanyuma ikabishyira neza mu buryo bwo kugenzura. Nyuma yo kugenzura, igice gihita kijyanwa aho gipakirwa, nta muntu ugisaba. Nyuma yo gukoresha robot ifite umurongo wa gatanu kugira ngo ikore ibikoresho byo gupima ibintu, ikigo cy’ibikoresho byo gupima ibintu mu modoka cyongereye ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu kuva kuri 800 kugeza ku 1.500 ku munsi, bigatuma igipimo cy’ubusembwa kiri munsi ya 0.03%. Ibi byujuje ibisabwa mu gukora ibikoresho byo gupima ibintu mu modoka birimo "uburyo bwo gupima ibintu mu buryo bwo hejuru, uduce duto, n'ibindi bicuruzwa bitandukanye."

Icya gatatu, Ivugurura rya Tekiniki: Ibyiza bitatu by'ingenzi bya Roboti zo Gutera Inshinge mu Nzu Nshya mu Gukora Imodoka

Gukoresha cyane robots zo gushushanya zifite umurongo wa gatanu mu rwego rw'imodoka bituruka ku buryo zishushanya tekiniki zihuye neza n'ibisabwa mu gukora imodoka. Ugereranyije na robots zisanzwe, zitanga iterambere rikomeye mu bice bitatu by'ingenzi: koroherana mu migendekere, kugenzura neza no guhuza neza ibintu.

1. Guhindura imiterere y'ingendo: Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo butandukanye, bushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bugoye
Robot zisanzwe zifite umurongo umwe n'imirongo itatu zitanga umurongo umwe gusa, bigatuma bigorana kuzikoresha ku buso bugoye kandi bugoramye hamwe no kwimura ahantu henshi. Ku rundi ruhande, robo zifite umurongo umwe n'imirongo itanu zikoresha "ingendo eshatu z'umurongo umwe n'ingendo ebyiri zizunguruka" kugira ngo zigere ku buryo butunguranye. Ibi bituma habaho uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuza imirimo itandukanye, kuva ku guhindura no gutwara amabumper manini kugeza ku gukata uduce duto tw'ibyuma. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byayo bishobora gusimburwa vuba bitewe n'ubwoko bw'igice (urugero: ibikombe by'umwuka, ibikoresho bya mekanike, ibikoresho by'umwuka, nibindi), hamwe n'igihe cyo guhindura iminota 5-10 gusa, bihura n'ibikenewe mu gukora imodoka "zivanze cyane kandi zifite ubwinshi buto".

2. Kugenzura neza: Gushyira urwego rwa milimetero bitanga icyizere cyo guhuza ibintu byose
Inganda zikora imodoka zisaba cyane cyane ko ibice bihorana. Roboti y’imashini ikoresha servo moteri na screw ya precision ball, hamwe na sisitemu yo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo ifunze ifite igipimo cyo gukurura. Ibi bituma ahantu hose hagera kuri ± 0.02mm no gusubiramo ± 0.01mm, bigatuma buri gice gisa n’ingano n’imiterere. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yayo yo kugenzura imbaraga ihindura imbaraga zo gufata hashingiwe ku bikoresho by’igice (hafite imbaraga nke zo gufata 0.1N), ikarinda ko ibice bihinduka bitewe n’imbaraga nyinshi kandi ikarushaho kwemeza ko umusaruro uhorana.

3. Guhuza Ibikoresho By'ubwenge: Guhuza Sisitemu Nyinshi Kugira ngo Habeho Uburyo Bwose Bwo Kwikora
Inganda zigezweho z’imodoka zinjiye mu gihe cy’uruganda rw’ubwenge. Roboti y’imashini ikora ibikoresho byo gushushanya ifite umurongo wa gatanu ishobora guhuzwa neza na sisitemu za MES, sisitemu zo kugenzura PLC, na sisitemu zo kugenzura amashusho binyuze muri Ethernet y’inganda. Urugero, sisitemu ya MES ishobora gutanga imirimo yo gukora kuri roboti, igahindura ibipimo byayo by’ingendo uko bikwiye. Sisitemu yo kugenzura amashusho itanga ibitekerezo by’igihe nyacyo ku makuru y’ubwiza bw’ibice, bigatuma roboti ishyira ibice bifite inenge mu gace kafite inenge. Sisitemu ya PLC ihuza ingendo za roboti n’imashini ikora ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho nyuma yaho, bigatuma habaho imikorere ihuje mu murongo wose w’ikorwa. Ubu bushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu butuma roboti ifite umurongo wa gatanu iba urufunguzo rw’ingenzi mu guhuza inganda z’imodoka zifite ubuhanga.

Icya kane, Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Icyerekezo cy'iterambere rya robots zikora inshinge mu nganda z'imodoka

Mu gihe inganda zikora imodoka zikomeje gutera imbere mu bijyanye no gukoresha amashanyarazi, ubwenge, no koroshya amashanyarazi, robots zifite umurongo wa gatanu zizazana n'uruhererekane rushya rw'ikoranabuhanga, hitezwe intambwe eshatu zikomeye mu iterambere:

1. Guhuza neza cyane "AI + Vision"

Mu guhuza algorithme z'ubwenge bw'ubukorano n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura icyerekezo cya 3D, robots zifite imiterere itanu zizaba zifite ubushobozi bwo "kwigira ku giti cyazo" - gusesengura amakuru menshi yo gukora kugira ngo zikore neza inguni zo gufata, inzira zo kugenda, n'ibipimo byo kugenzura imbaraga. Sisitemu zo kureba za 3D zishobora kumenya inenge ntoya mu bice (nk'ibimenyetso byo gusimbuka bito nka 0.01mm) mu gihe nyacyo, bigafasha "igenzura ryo kuri interineti + ivugurura ry'igihe nyacyo" kugira ngo birusheho kunoza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa.

2. Ubufatanye bwiza bw'imashini nyinshi

Kugira ngo habeho ibyo ibice by’imodoka bikenera mu buryo bwa modular, robots nyinshi zifite umurongo wa gatanu zizakorana binyuze mu kugenzura master-slave. Urugero, robots imwe ishobora gushyiramo ibice, indi yo gukuramo no gukata ibice, n'indi yo kugenzura no gupakira. Ubu bufatanye bw'imashini nyinshi butuma habaho gukora ibintu icyarimwe, birushaho kunoza imikorere y'umurongo w'umusaruro ku kigero cya 30%-50%.

3. Igishushanyo mbonera cyiza kandi kizigama ingufu

Mu rwego rwo gusubiza intego z’inganda zishinzwe kurwanya karubone, roboti ifite imiterere itanu izakoresha moteri za servo zikoresha ingufu nke, icyuma cyoroheje cya aluminiyumu, na sisitemu yo kugarura ingufu. Ibi bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya 20%-30% ugereranije na robo zisanzwe, ndetse binagabanya urusaku n'ihindagurika mu gihe cy'imikorere, bigatuma habaho ibidukikije bito kandi bifite ubwenge mu gukora.

Umwanzuro: Robots zifite umurongo wa gatanu - Moteri y'ingenzi mu kuvugurura imikorere y'imodoka

Kuva ku gukora n'intoki kugeza ku gukora mu buryo bwikora, kuva ku gukora mu buryo bumwe kugeza ku gukorana mu buryo butanu, gukoresha robots zifite umurongo itanu mu mashini zikora si ukuvugurura gusa inzira zo gukora imodoka ahubwo ni n'amahitamo adashobora kwibagirana ku nganda zikora mu buryo bunoze, bunoze kandi bufite ubwenge bwinshi. Hamwe n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, uburyo bwo kugenzura neza, n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhuza ibintu, ikemura ibibazo byinshi mu gukora ibice bikozwe mu buryo bw'imodoka, ikaba igikoresho cy'ingenzi ku bakora imodoka kugira ngo bagabanye ibiciro, bongere imikorere, kandi bongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibicuruzwa.

Mu gihe kizaza, uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, intwaro za robo zikora ibikoresho byo gushushanya bifite umurongo wa gatanu zizahuzwa cyane n'ubwenge bw'ubukorano, interineti y'ibintu, amakuru menshi, n'andi makoranabuhanga, bigakomeza gutuma habaho iterambere ry'inganda zikora imodoka "zifite ubwenge, zihinduka kandi zitagira ingaruka ku bidukikije" kandi binashyire imbaraga mu iterambere ry'inganda zikora imodoka ku isi. Ku bakora imodoka, gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga rya robo zikora ibikoresho byo gushushanya bifite umurongo wa gatanu bizaba intambwe ikomeye mu gufata urwego rw'irushanwa rikomeye mu nganda.