Uburyo Burambuye bwo Gusuzuma mu Kugura Roboti za Servo zifite Axis Eshanu

Uburyo Burambuye bwo Gusuzuma mu Kugura Roboti za Servo zifite Axis Eshanu

Hagati y’umuvuduko w’ivugurura ry’imikorere y’inganda, robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatanu Byabaye ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gukora neza, ibice by'imodoka, ibice by'ikoranabuhanga, n'ibindi. Ariko, bitewe n'ubuhanga bwabyo bwinshi, ibiciro byo kugura byinshi, n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kubikoresha, kubigura mu buryo butari bwo ntibipfa ubusa gusa ahubwo bishobora no kwangiza umusaruro n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. Iyi nkuru izasesengura uburyo bwa siyansi bwo kugura robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatanu uhereye ku ngingo eshanu: "Ibisabwa - Isuzuma ry'ibipimo - Gusuzuma abatanga serivisi - Isesengura ry'Ibiciro - Kugenzura Ingaruka," bifasha amasosiyete guhuza neza ibisabwa no kugabanya ibyago byo gufata ibyemezo.

I. Kubanza kumenya ibikenewe: Gusobanura "Ishyirwa mu bikorwa" ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gisabwa kugira ngo isuzuma ribeho.

Intambwe ya mbere mu kugura si ukugereranya ibipimo, ahubwo ni ukumenya uko porogaramu ikoreshwa. "Gukora birenze urugero" cyangwa "gukora nabi" kwa robo ya servo ifite umurongo wa gatanu bishobora kugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku nyungu zayo ku ishoramari. Ibisabwa bigomba gusobanurwa uhereye ku ngingo eshatu z'ingenzi:

Uburyo bwo gukora: Sobanura neza ikoreshwa rya robo. Ese ni iyo guteranya neza, gukoresha ibikoresho, gusudira no gukata, cyangwa kugenzura no gutondekanya? Ibintu bitandukanye bisaba ko robo ikora neza, ikora neza, n'umuvuduko bitandukanye kuri iyo robo. Urugero, guteranya chips mu nganda z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bisaba ko ± 0.005mm ikora neza, mu gihe gucunga ibice by'imodoka bishyira imbere umutwaro n'ubudahangarwa.

Guhuza Ibidukikije: Kumenya ibisabwa byihariye mu bidukikije, harimo ubushyuhe (urugero: ahantu ho gukorera ubushyuhe bwinshi hasaba moteri za servo zirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi), ubushuhe (ahantu harangwa n'ubushuhe hasaba ko amazi anyura kuri IP65 cyangwa hejuru), ivumbi (igishushanyo mbonera gifunze kirakenewe mu bidukikije birimo ivumbi), na ingese (ibikoresho birwanya ingese birakenewe mu bidukikije birimo imiti). Kwirengagiza uburyo ibidukikije bihinduka bishobora gutuma robo igabanya cyane igihe cyo gukora.

Ibisabwa ku musaruro no guhuza: Kubara uruhererekane rw'ingendo za robo ukurikije igihe umurongo w'ikorwa umara (urugero, bisaba ibikorwa 10 byo gutora no gushyira ku murongo ku munota). Nanone, menya niba robo igomba kuba ijyanye n'ibikoresho bihari (urugero, Imashini ya Cnc ibikoresho, abatwara ibicuruzwa, na sisitemu za MES) kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo byo guhuza ibintu.

II. Isuzuma ry'ibipimo by'ingenzi: Kumenya ubwuzuzanye bushingiye ku bipimo bya tekiniki

Imikorere ya robo ya servo ifite umurongo wa gatanu igenwa n'ibipimo by'ingenzi. Ibande ku bipimo "bijyanye cyane n'ibikenewe," aho gukurikirana "ibipimo byo hejuru bishoboka." Ibipimo bitandatu by'ingenzi bikurikira bisaba kugenzura:

Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gusuzuma icyiciro cy'ibipimo
Ubushobozi bwo gutwara umutwaro mu buryo bwo kugenda: Ibi bigomba kuba bikubiyemo "uburemere bw'ibikoresho byo gukora + uburemere bw'ibikoresho byo gukora." Ni ngombwa ko habaho 10%-20% by'umutwaro (urugero, niba ibikoresho byo gukora bipima ibiro 5, hitamo Robot ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibiro 6-7kg).
Gusubiramo/Gushyiramo neza: Gusubiramo neza bivuga kunyura hagati y’aho umuntu aherereye n’aho aherereye nyako, mu gihe gusubiramo neza bivuga kunyuramo hagati yo gusubira mu mwanya umwe nyuma yo kugenda inshuro nyinshi. Gusubiramo neza ni byo bishyirwa imbere mu gukoresha neza (urugero, ± 0.003mm ni nziza kuruta ± 0.005mm).
Umuvuduko/Kwihuta kw'Ingendo: Umuvuduko ugomba guhuza n'umurongo w'umusaruro, kuko kwihuta bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza yo gutangira no guhagarara (porogaramu zihuta cyane zisaba sisitemu ya servo ifite imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho bitinda kunyeganyega mu gihe cyo gutangira no guhagarara).
Sisitemu ya Servo: Ubwoko bwa moteri ya Servo: Moteri zihoraho za AC zihuza amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi ni zo zikoreshwa cyane. Genzura ko imbaraga za moteri na torque bikwiranye n’umutwaro (ingufu zidahagije zishobora gutuma habaho kuzimya umutwaro mwinshi).
Imikorere y'imodoka: Umushoferi agomba gushyigikira uburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko w'imodoka cyangwa uburyo bwo kugenzura bisi (urugero, bisi ya EtherCAT, ijyanye na Industry 4.0). Ibisabwa), kandi harimo n'uburyo bwo kurinda umuvuduko mwinshi no gusuzuma amakosa.
Imiterere n'Ubwiringiro: Umubare n'Ibikoresho by'Ingingo: Ku miterere y'imirongo itanu, uburyo bwo kohereza buri ngingo bugomba kugenwa (urugero: igabanya ry'imitsi cyangwa igabanya RV; igabanya RV ikwiriye cyane imitwaro iremereye n'ubudahangarwa bwinshi). Ingufu za aluminiyumu cyangwa icyuma gikomeye (cyoroheje kandi kidahinduka) ni byo bikundwa kuri chassis.
Igihe cy'uburemere hagati y'ibinaniranye (MTBF): Impuzandengo y'inganda ni amasaha arenga 10.000. Uko MTBF iba ndende, niko ikiguzi cyo kuyibungabunga kigabanuka.

III. Gusuzuma Abatanga Serivisi: Ntiwite ku bicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo unatekereze kuri serivisi n'ubushobozi.

Iyo uguze servo ifite umurongo wa gatanu Ukuboko kwa Robot mu mahanga, guhitamo umutanga serivisi bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza no gucunga ingaruka. Isuzumabumenyi ryimbitse ry’ubushobozi bw’umutanga serivisi rigomba gukorwa mu buryo bune:

Ibisabwa n'Ubwiyongere bw'Ubuhanga: Shyira imbere abatanga serivisi bafite ibyangombwa mpuzamahanga (urugero, sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge ya ISO 9001, icyemezo cya CE, n'icyemezo cya UL kugira ngo harebwe ko byubahirije amahame y'umutekano w'isoko ryihariye). Nanone, tekereza ku buhanga bw'umutanga serivisi, nko ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibice by'ingenzi (nk'uburyo bwa servo na reducers) kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda nyuma yo kugurisha guterwa no kwishingikiriza ku bice by'abandi.

Ubushobozi bwo gutanga serivisi mu mahanga: Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kugura ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ni uko ibicuruzwa bitinda nyuma yo kugurisha. Ni ngombwa kwemeza niba umutanga serivisi atanga:
Serivisi ikorerwa mu gace runaka: Urugero, niba bafite amaduka acuruza nyuma yo kugurisha cyangwa abatanga serivisi bafatanyije ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi, ndetse niba bashobora gusana aho hantu mu masaha 48;
Ubufasha bwo kure: Niba batanga serivisi zo gusuzuma amakosa kuri interineti no gukemura ibibazo biri kure kugira ngo bagabanye ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga aho hantu;
Kuboneka kw'ibice by'inyongera: Niba bafite ububiko bw'ibice by'inyongera mu gace batuyemo, niba igihe cyo gutanga ibikoresho by'ingenzi (nk'ibice bya servo na bitwugariza) ari mu minsi 7.

Ingero n'icyubahiro: Abatanga serivisi bagomba gutanga inyigo z'ibyabaye mu nganda imwe (urugero, gutanga ibyuma birenga 50 bya roboti ku ruganda rukora ibice by'imodoka). Kugenzura neza uburyo ibicuruzwa byabo bihagaze n'ubwiza bwa serivisi binyuze mu mbuga nkoranyambaga n'isuzuma ry'abakiriya (urugero, Google Reviews na LinkedIn feedback) kugira ngo hirindwe guhitamo abacuruzi bato badafite inyigo cyangwa izina ryiza.

Ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu: Ku bijyanye n'ibikorwa byihariye (nk'uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho bitari bisanzwe cyangwa porogaramu zihariye zo kubungabunga ibidukikije), ni ngombwa kwemeza niba umucuruzi ashyigikiye iterambere ryihariye, harimo no gushushanya ibikoresho, kunoza gahunda z'imikorere, no guhuza sisitemu, kugira ngo hirindwe ikibazo cy'uko ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bidashobora guhaza ibyo umuntu akeneye.

IV. Kubara Ikiguzi: Reba Ibirenze "Igiciro cyo Kugura" hanyuma ubare "Ikiguzi cy'Iherezo ry'Ubuzima"

Igiciro cyo kugura roboti ya servo ifite axis eshanu bingana na 30%-50% by'ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwose. Kwirengagiza ibikorwa byo kubungabunga, gukoresha ingufu, n'igihombo mu gihe cyo kuruhuka bishobora kongera cyane ikiguzi cyose. Ikiguzi kigomba kubarwa mu buryo butatu:

Ibiciro bisobanutse: Ibi birimo igiciro cyo kugura ibikoresho, imisoro ya gasutamo, ikiguzi cyo gutwara, n'amafaranga yo gushyiraho no gukoresha ibikoresho (amafaranga yo gushyiraho no gukoresha ibikoresho mu mahanga asanzwe abarirwa kuri 5%-10% by'igiciro cyo kugura; menya neza umutanga ibikoresho mbere y'igihe niba ibyo bikoresho biri mu giciro).

Ibiciro Bihishe:
Amafaranga yo kubungabunga: Ibi birimo gusimbuza ibice by'ibisigaye (urugero, imashini igabanya ikenera gusimburwa buri masaha 20.000, kandi igiciro cyayo gishobora kugera ku bihumbi byinshi bya Yuan) n'amafaranga yo kubungabunga buri gihe (amafaranga yo kubungabunga buri mwaka ni hafi 2%-3% by'igiciro cyo kugura).
Ikiguzi cy'ingufu: Kibarwa hashingiwe ku ngufu za moteri ya servo. Urugero, moteri ya 1.5kW ikora amasaha 8 ku munsi igura hafi yuan 10-15 (hashingiwe ku biciro by'amashanyarazi mu nganda), bigatuma ikiguzi cy'ingufu ku mwaka kingana na yuan 3,600-5,400.
Igihombo mu gihe cyo kudakora: Iyo robot inaniwe gukora bigatuma umurongo w’ibikorwa uhagarara, igihombo cya buri saha gishobora kugera ku bihumbi mirongo bya Yuan (iri barura rigomba gusuzumwa hashingiwe ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gukora n'inyungu z'ibicuruzwa).
Inama zo kugereranya ibiciro: Mu gihe ugereranya ibiciro bivuye ku batanga ibicuruzwa batandukanye, saba "urutonde rwuzuye rw'ibiciro by'ubuzima" aho gusaba igiciro cyo kugura gusa. Urugero, niba igiciro cyo kugura cya Supplier A kiri hasi ya 10%, ariko ibiciro by'ibice byayo by'inyongera biri hejuru ya 20% naho MTBF yayo ikaba hasi ya 30%, ishobora kuba ihendutse kurusha Supplier B mu gihe kirekire.

V. Kugenzura ingaruka: "Umurongo wa nyuma w'ubwirinzi" mbere yo kugura

Mbere yo gusinya amasezerano, banza urebe neza imikorere y’ukuboko kwa roboti binyuze mu "gusura uruganda + ikizamini cy’icyitegererezo" kugira ngo wirinde ingorane:

Gusura uruganda (Kuri interineti/Ntabwo uri kuri interineti): Niba amategeko abikwemereye, ni byiza gusura imbonankubone aho utanga ibicuruzwa akorera, wibanda kuri ibi bikurikira:

Uburyo bwo gukora: Niba hari umurongo usanzwe wo guteranya n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge (urugero, niba buri kuboko kwa roboti kugeragezwa amasaha 72 mbere yo kuva mu ruganda);

Ubushobozi bwo gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere: Niba hari itsinda ryigenga rishinzwe ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ndetse niba ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi rishobora kugaragazwa (urugero, igerageza ry’uburyo bwo gukora ubushakashatsi ku buryo buhindagurika).

Niba gusura imbonankubone bidashoboka, saba ko umucuruzi atanga "uburyo bwo gukorera mu ruganda" cyangwa videwo irambuye kugira ngo wirinde ibyago byo kuba "ikigo cy'ubucuruzi".

Isuzuma ry'icyitegererezo: Reba aho porogaramu yawe iherereye kandi utange ingero zo gupimisha mu murima. Isuzuma rikubiyemo:
Kugenzura Imikorere: Isuzuma ry'umutwaro, ubunyangamugayo, n'umuvuduko mu gihe cy'akazi gakozwe mu buryo bwa "gaming" kugira ngo urebe ko byujuje ibisabwa (urugero, nyuma yo gufata igikoresho cy'akazi, koresha igikoresho gipima cya laser kugira ngo umenye aho giherereye);
Isuzuma ry’uko ibintu bihuye: Huza ibikoresho bihari (urugero, ibikoresho by’imashini za CNC) kugira ngo ugerageze uburyo bwo kohereza ibimenyetso buhamye n’uburyo bigenda neza;
Gupima amakosa: Kwigana ibintu nko gucurika cyane no kubura amashanyarazi kugira ngo ugerageze imikorere y'uburinzi bwa robot hamwe n'amakuru y'ibiza ku gihe.

Kugenzura ingaruka z'amasezerano: Shyiraho ingingo zikurikira mu masezerano kugira ngo ugabanye amakimbirane ashobora kubaho mu gihe kizaza:
Igihe cy'ingwate: Nubwo igihe cy'ingwate rusange mu nganda ari umwaka 1-2, ni byiza ko ibice by'ingenzi (système servo, reductions) byongerwa kugeza ku myaka 3;
Ibipimo byo Kwemera: Garagaza uburyo bwo kwemererwa gukora (urugero, raporo z'ibizamini ziturutse mu bigo by'ibizamini by'abandi);
Kutubahiriza amasezerano: Inshingano z'umucuruzi ku ndishyi (urugero, gusubiza ibicuruzwa, guhinduranya, n'indishyi ku gihe cyo kudakora) iyo roboti itubahirije ibisabwa.

Umwanzuro: Ishingiro ry'isuzumabumenyi risesuye ni "guhuza," ntabwo ari "uburyo bwiza bwo gukora".

Mu gihe uguze roboti ya servo ifite umurongo wa gatanu, intego si uguhitamo ibicuruzwa bifite "ibipimo byo hejuru n'igiciro gito," ahubwo ni ugushaka igisubizo gihuye neza n'ibyo ukeneye. Kuva ku bisobanuro by'ibisabwa kugeza ku isuzuma ry'ingaruka, buri ntambwe y'isuzuma igomba kuba ishingiye ku "kuba ibintu bikwiye, kugenzura ikiguzi, no kugabanya ingaruka." Gusa mu guhuza ibipimo bya tekiniki, ubushobozi bw'umutanga, n'ikiguzi cyuzuye cy'ubuzima, intego yo "kugura rimwe, no kwishimira inyungu z'igihe kirekire" ishobora kugerwaho.