Ikoranabuhanga ryo gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D ryongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha robotike mu gutera inshinge

Ikoranabuhanga rya 3D ryo gucapa ritanga imbaraga mu guhanga udushya mu gukora ibice bya Servo Robot kuri Imashini yo Gutera Inshinges

Hagati y’umuvuduko w’inganda ku isi, robots za servo, nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gukora mu buryo bwikora, bigena mu buryo butaziguye ubushobozi bw'umurongo wose w'umusaruro binyuze mu buryo bunoze, imikorere, n'ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibice byabyo. Ariko, uburyo gakondo bwo gukora ibice (nk'imashini itunganya CNC neza no gutera ibishingwe) bwagiye buhura n'ingorane eshatu zikomeye: ingorane zo kugera ku nyubako zigoye, ikiguzi kinini cyo gukora ibikoresho bito, n'ingendo ndende zo guhindura ibintu. Ibi bintu bituma bigorana guhaza ibyifuzo bibiri by'abakiriya mpuzamahanga bacuruza ibikoresho ku giti cyabo, igisubizo cyihuse ku isoko, no kunoza ikiguzi. Muri iki gihe, ikoranabuhanga rya 3D icapiro, rifite ibyiza byihariye byo gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye, gukoresha ibikoresho bidafite ibishingwe, no guhindura ibintu ku buryo bworoshye, riri kuba isoko ry'ingenzi ry'udushya mu gukora ibice bya servo robot by'imashini zitunganya inshinge, rihindura inganda kuva ku gishushanyo mbonera kugeza ku ruhererekane rw'ibikoresho.

I. Gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D bifungura ubwisanzure mu miterere y'ibice

Ibice by'ingenzi bya servo Ukuboko kwa Robots ku mashini zikora imashini zikoresha inshinge (nk'udukoresho two gufatiraho ibikoresho, aho zijyana ibikoresho, utudomo tw'ubuyobozi, n'udupfunyika tw'ibikoresho bipima) akenshi bisaba uburinganire hagati y'imbaraga zoroshye n'izikomeye. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'umwanya muto, bimwe mu bice bisaba imyobo y'imbere igoye, imiterere y'ubusamo, cyangwa imiterere yihariye. Ibi bisabwa hafi ya byose ntibishoboka kugerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo gakondo bwo gukora, cyangwa bitwara ikiguzi kinini cyane cyo guteza imbere ibishingwe. Ikoranabuhanga rya 3D ryo gucapa, rikoresheje ihame ryo gukora inyongeramusaruro, rishobora gushyira ibikoresho mu buryo butaziguye urwego ku rundi hashingiwe ku buryo bwa elegitoroniki, rigaca burundu imbogamizi z'uburyo gakondo bwo "gukuramo" no gutuma "imiterere ikurikira imikorere" ishoboka.

Fata urugero rw'ukuboko kwa servo robot. Imashini gakondo zo gukoresha CNC zikoresha imiterere ikomeye kugira ngo zigire imbaraga. Ibi ntibituma uburemere bwiyongera gusa (kongera umutwaro kuri moteri ya servo no kugabanya imikorere myiza), ahubwo bisaba no guteza imbere ibumba ryihariye ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye byakozwe mu injection. Hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya SLM (Selective Laser Melting) rya 3D, ibikoresho bya titanium alloy cyangwa nylon bikomeye bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora imiterere yoroheje ifite "urusobe rw'amazi + imbavu zo gushimangira ziherereye ahantu runaka." Ibi bigabanya uburemere ku kigero kirenga 40% ugereranije n'ibice bisanzwe bikomeye, bigabanya umutwaro wa moteri ya servo ku kigero cya 25%, kandi byongera umuvuduko wo gukora ku kigero cya 15%. Byongeye kandi, hatabayeho guteza imbere ibumba, guhindura gusa moderi ya digitale bituma habaho imiterere yihariye ya gripper ifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye mu masaha 24, ihura neza n'ibyo abakiriya mpuzamahanga bagura ku bwinshi.

Byongeye kandi, icapiro rya 3D rishyigikira "igishushanyo mbonera gihuriweho" binyuze mu guhuza imiterere isanzwe ikenera ibice byinshi (nk'intebe y'icyuma gifata hamwe n'icyuma gifata sensor) mu gice kimwe cyacapwe. Ibi bigabanya amakosa yo guteranya (uburyo bwo guteranya bushobora kunozwa kuva kuri 0.1mm isanzwe kugeza kuri 0.05mm), bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika guterwa no guhuza ibintu mu buryo butemewe, kandi byongera igihe hagati yo kwangirika (MTBF) cy'ukuboko kwa roboti ya servo ho 30%.

II. Kuvugurura Igenamigambi ry'Umusaruro: Kuva ku "Gutunganya Ibicuruzwa Binini" kugeza ku "Gutunganya Ibikenewe," Kugera ku Ntambwe Zibiri mu Kugabanya Ikiguzi no Kunoza Imikorere

Ku bakiriya bacuruza ibikoresho byinshi, kugenzura ikiguzi cy'ibice n'igihe cyo kubitanga ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu gufata ibyemezo byo kugura. Mu buryo busanzwe bwo gukora, guhindura ibice bitari ibisanzwe (nk'inzira ziyobora hamwe n'ingendo zidasanzwe cyangwa ibyuma bihuza byahinduwe ku buryo bwihariye bw'imashini zikora inshinge) bisaba inzira y'ibyumweru 4-8 yo gushushanya ibimera, gukora ibimera, gukora igerageza, no gukora byinshi. Ikiguzi cy'ibimera gishobora kugera ku bihumbi mirongo bya Yuan, bigatuma ikiguzi kinini cyo guhindura ibintu mu buryo buciriritse. Ikoranabuhanga rya 3D icapa, binyuze mu gukuraho ibimera, ryavuguruye burundu uburyo bwo gukora ibice, rigera ku ntambwe ebyiri mu kunoza ikiguzi cyo guhindura ibintu mu buryo buciriritse no kugabanya igihe cyo kubitanga.

1. Kunoza Ibiciro: "Impinduka mu Kunoza Ibiciro" mu Musaruro Muto

Fata urugero rw'ibikoresho byo kohereza ubutumwa bya robo ya servo (ibikoresho: POM ya pulasitiki y'ubwubatsi). Niba umukiriya akeneye ibikoresho 50 bifite module idasanzwe:

Uburyo gakondo: Gutunganya ifumbire bitwara hafi 30.000 yuan, naho ikiguzi cyo gukora kuri buri gice ni hafi 200 yuan. Igiciro cyose = 30.000 yuan + 50 × 200 = 40.000 yuan.

Ikoranabuhanga rya 3D printing (FDM): Nta mashini isabwa. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imashini gitwara hafi amayuni 500, naho ikiguzi cyo gucapa kuri buri gice ni amayuni 180. Igiciro cyose = 500 + 50 × 180 = 9,500 yuni.

Ibi bigabanya ikiguzi ku kigero cya 76%. Inyungu ku giciro cyo gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D irushaho kugaragara iyo ingano nto (urugero, ibice 10-20). (Uburyo bwo gucapa mu buryo bwa gakondo busaba ikiguzi kinini cyo gucapa.) Ku bice by'icyuma (nk'imigozi ihuza moteri ya servo), ikoranabuhanga rya SLM 3D rirakoreshwa. Nubwo ikiguzi kuri buri gice kiri hejuru gato ugereranije n'uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gucapa muri CNC (hafi 10%-15%), bikuraho intambwe yo guteza imbere uburyo bwo gucapa kandi byongera ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho kuva kuri 60% mu buryo bwa gakondo kugeza hejuru ya 95% (icapiro rya 3D rikoresha ibikoresho bikenewe gusa mu gucapa, rikuraho imyanda). Iyi nyungu rusange iracyari mu irushanwa ku bice bito (biri munsi y'ibice 100), bigatuma ikwiriye cyane cyane ku mabwiriza yo gukora igerageza cyangwa ku mabwiriza yihutirwa yo kongeramo ibikoresho aturutse ku bakiriya mpuzamahanga.

2. Gutanga vuba: Igihe cyo gusubiza kuva mu byumweru kugeza ku minsi

Igihe cyo gukora ibice bisanzwe gikoreshwa ahanini kigengwa n’iterambere ry’ibihumyo (ibyumweru 2-4) n’ingengabihe yo gukora (ibyumweru 1-2). Ndetse n’ibice bisanzwe bishobora kugira gutinda koherezwa bitewe n’uko ububiko bw’ibikoresho butari buhagije. Ikoranabuhanga rya 3D ryoroshya inzira yo gukora ibice mu ntambwe eshatu: icyitegererezo cy’ikoranabuhanga - gukora icapiro - gutunganya nyuma. Kugira ngo haveho gukenerwa ibihumyo n’ibikoresho bigoye byo gutunganya, ibihe byo gutanga bishobora kugabanuka bikagera kuri kimwe cya gatanu kugeza kuri kimwe cya gatatu cy’uburyo gakondo.

Urugero, umukiriya w’umucuruzi w’i Burayi wari ukeneye byihutirwa gusimbuza "agace k’imbonerahamwe" (ibipimo bitari bisanzwe) ku kuboko kwa roboti ya servo y’imashini ikora inshinge yari ihagarariye. Umucuruzi gakondo yavuze igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa cy’ibyumweru bine. Ariko, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya 3D icapa, ibi bikurikira byagezweho:

Kwemeza moderi mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga: Umunsi 1 (ibishushanyo mbonera byatanzwe n'umukiriya, kandi injeniyeri zarangije gutunganya moderi mu masaha 24);

Gukora icapiro: iminsi 2 (gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya SLA rivura urumuri, gucapa ibice 10 icyarimwe);

Nyuma yo gutunganya (gusukura, gupima neza): Umunsi 1;

Igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa cya nyuma: iminsi 4, igabanuka rya 87.5% ugereranije n'uburyo gakondo. Ibi byafashije umukiriya kwirinda igihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa kandi birushaho kunoza kunyurwa kw'abakiriya.

III. Kongera imbaraga mu guhangana n'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa: Icapiro rya 3D riteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya "Ibicuruzwa Bikwirakwijwe"

Urusobe rw'ibicuruzwa by'abakiriya mpuzamahanga bacuruza ibicuruzwa byinshi rukunze guhura n'ibibazo nko kuzenguruka igihe kirekire mu bicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka, ibiciro biri hejuru, n'ingaruka mbi za politiki. Ibikoresho gakondo bigomba koherezwa mu bwinshi bivuye mu bicuruzwa bijyanwa mu bihugu by'abakiriya, ibyo bikaba bitagize 15%-20% by'ikiguzi cy'ibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo binashobora guhura n'ibintu nk'ubwinshi bw'ibyambu n'ihindagurika rya politiki y'ubucuruzi, bigatuma serivisi zitangwa zidakora neza. Ikoranabuhanga rya 3D icapa, rishyigikira uburyo bwo gukora ibintu buhuriweho buhuza "kohereza dosiye mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki + icapiro ryihariye," ritanga igisubizo gishya cyo gukemura ibi bibazo.

By’umwihariko, abakiriya ntibagikeneye kugura ibice bifatika. Ahubwo, babona gusa dosiye nziza za 3D zishobora gucapwa kuri interineti ziturutse kuri twe, maze zikabikwa mu ruganda rwacu rw’abafatanyabikorwa mu icapiro rya 3D mu gihugu cyabo (cyangwa mu kigo cyacu cyemewe cyo gucapira). Ibi bituma "hakorwa ibikorwa mu buryo butunguranye kandi bigatangwa mu gihugu":

Ikiguzi cy'ibicuruzwa: Cyagabanijwe kuva kuri 15%-20% bisanzwe kugera kuri zeru (bisaba kohereza dosiye mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga gusa);

Igihe cyo kohereza: Gigabanijwe kuva ku byumweru 2-4 byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kigera ku minsi 1-3 yo gukora ibicuruzwa mu gace runaka;

Igitutu cy’ibikoresho: Abakiriya ntibagikeneye kwegeranya ibice byinshi; bashobora "gucapa uko babikeneye" hashingiwe ku byo bakeneye by’ukuri, bigabanyiriza imari isanzwe (ikiguzi cy’ububiko gishobora kugabanukaho hejuru ya 60%). Urugero, nyuma yo guha umukiriya wo muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’uburasirazuba igisubizo cy’ikoranabuhanga cyo gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D cya "servo robot arm sensor bracket," umukiriya, binyuze mu ruganda rw’abafatanyabikorwa rwo muri ako gace rwa 3D, yageze ku musaruro no kohereza mu minsi ibiri nyuma yo kwemeza ibyo yatumije. Ibi byazamuye imikorere myiza yo gutanga ibicuruzwa ku kigero cya 80% ugereranije n’uburyo busanzwe bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ibi kandi byirinze imisoro myinshi muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’uburasirazuba (imisoro gakondo yo gutumiza ibicuruzwa ku bice ni hafi 10%-15%) ndetse n’ibyago byo gucurika ibyambu, byongera cyane umuturirwa w’ibikoresho.

IV. Inyigo y'Ikoranabuhanga: Uburyo Ibice Byacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D Byongera Irushanwa ku Isoko rya Servo Robots

Umucuruzi mpuzamahanga w’ibikoresho byo gushushanya (cyane cyane ukorera amasoko yo mu Burayi no muri Amerika y’Epfo) yahuye n’imbogamizi ebyiri zikomeye: Icya mbere, abacuruza ibikoresho gakondo bagorwaga no gusubiza vuba ibyo abakiriya benshi basabaga kuri robo za servo (urugero: ibikoresho bitagira ivumbi byo gushushanya ibikoresho byo gushushanya mu buvuzi n’ibice bipima umuriro bidashyuha cyane ku bice by’imodoka); icya kabiri, ikiguzi kinini cy’ibikoresho bito byatumye ibiciro byabo bitaba byiza ku isoko ryo mu karere.

Nyuma yo gukorana natwe mu gutangiza igisubizo cy'ibice byacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D, iterambere ryihariye ryagezweho ni iri rikurikira:

Umuvuduko wo Gusubiza Ibikoresho: Ku bakiriya b'abaganga bakeneye ibikoresho bitagira ivumbi, igihe cyo kubigeza cyagabanijwe kuva ku byumweru bine bisanzwe bijya ku minsi itatu, byongera igipimo cyo guhindura abaguzi ku giciro cya 40%;

Kugenzura Ibiciro: Igiciro mpuzandengo cy'ibice byihariye ku bice bito (kugeza ku bice 50) cyagabanutseho 65%, bituma batanga 15%-20% munsi y'abanywanyi ku isoko ryo muri Amerika y'Epfo no kwagura isoko ryabo ho 25%;

Imikorere y'Igicuruzwa: Hakoreshejwe icapiro rya 3D, Ihuriro ry'ibikoresho rirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi ryacapwe (ibikoresho: PEKK) rifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kwirinda kuva kuri 120°C kugeza kuri 260°C, bigatuma rikoreshwa mu gushushanya mu bushyuhe bwinshi (nk'ibumba rya plastiki za ABS na PC), ryongera urwego rw'ikoreshwa ry'igicuruzwa ku kigero cya 50%.

Uru rubanza rugaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga rya 3D ritari gusa ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukora ibice bimwe na bimwe, ahubwo ni n'igikoresho cy'ingenzi ku bakiriya mpuzamahanga bacuruza ibicuruzwa byinshi kugira ngo bongere ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana ku isoko no kunoza imiyoboro yabo yo gutanga ibicuruzwa.

V. Guhuza byimbitse imashini zikora ibikoresho byo gucapa no gushushanya mu buryo bwa 3D, Servo Robot Plumber Machine

Bitewe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibikoresho byo gucapa bya 3D (nk'ifu y'icyuma ikomeye cyane na pulasitiki irinda kwangirika) hamwe n'uburyo ibikoresho bigezweho bikoreshwa, ikoreshwa ry'icapiro rya 3D mu gukora roboti ya servo imashini ikora inshinge Ibice bizarushaho kwiyongera mu gihe kizaza:
Iterambere ry'ibikoresho: Ikoranabuhanga rishya rya 3D rikozwe muri ceramic rizatuma habaho ibice bifite "ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi bikomeye cyane," bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo gushushanya inshinge neza cyane (nk'imashini zikoresha ibice bya microelectronic);
Umusaruro w'ubwenge: Sisitemu zo gucapa za 3D zihujwe n'ikoranabuhanga rya AI zishobora kunoza imiterere y'ibice byazo mu buryo bwikora (nk'uburyo bwo guhindura ikwirakwizwa ry'imbavu hashingiwe ku isesengura ry'imihangayiko), kunoza imikorere y'ibicuruzwa n'imikoreshereze y'ibikoresho;
Gukoresha uburyo bwa digitale bwuzuye: Gucunga imikorere yose hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga uhereye ku "byo abakiriya bakeneye - gukora moderi mu buryo bwa digitale - gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D - kugenzura ubuziranenge - gutanga serivisi" bizagera ku "gukurikirana, kunoza no gukosorwa" mu gukora ibice, biha abakiriya mpuzamahanga bacuruza serivisi zihamye kandi zinoze zo gutanga serivisi.

Umwanzuro: Gukoresha amahirwe yo gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D kugira ngo utsinde ku isoko mpuzamahanga ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha inshinge

Mu gihe inganda za roboti zikoresha imashini zikora imashini zikoresha inshinge zizamuka zigana ku buhanga bwo hejuru, ubushobozi bwo koroshya ibintu, no kugabanya ikiguzi, ikoranabuhanga rya 3D ntirikiri udushya gusa ahubwo ni intwaro ikenewe yo guhangana. Ku bakiriya benshi, guhitamo umufatanyabikorwa ufite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibice byacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D bivuze ko igihe cyo gutanga ibikoresho ari gito, ikiguzi cyo guhindura ibintu mu buryo buke, uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa bworoshye, n'ibisubizo by'ibicuruzwa bihangana cyane.

Ifite uburambe burenga imyaka icumi mu ishami rya servo robot ikora imashini ikora imashini, ZHIYI yashinze ikigo gitunganya ibice bya 3D gikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye, harimo FDM/SLA/SLM. Iki kigo gitanga serivisi zirambuye, kuva ku gutunganya imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga no guhitamo ibikoresho kugeza ku gukora ibintu byinshi. Gishyigikira uburyo bwo guhindura no kugurisha ibice mu bikoresho bitandukanye, harimo ibyuma (aloyi za titaniyumu, ibyuma bitarangirika, na aloyi za aluminiyumu) ​​na pulasitiki y’ubuhanga (PA12, PEKK, na POM). Waba ukeneye ibice bito by’ibice bidasanzwe cyangwa ushaka kunoza imikorere y’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa byawe, dushobora kuguha ibisubizo bikwiye byo gucapa bya 3D no gukorana kugira ngo dufungure inyanja nshya z’ubururu ku isoko mpuzamahanga ry’ibikorwa byo kwihutisha imashini.

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