Inzira zo Gutera Imashini Ikora Imashini Ikoresha Servo Robots mu Gukura

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n'iterambere rya Imashini yo Gutera Inshinge Servo Robots mu masoko ari gutera imbere

Mu gihe inganda z’inganda ku isi zishyira imbere ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere ry’amasoko mashya, robots za servo z’imashini zikoresha injection molding, nk’ibikoresho by’ingenzi byo gukora mu buryo bwikora, ziri mu mpinduka ikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga ijyanye n’ibyo izi masoko zikeneye. Kuva ku iterambere rikomeye ryo gushyiraho ibikoresho riterwa na politiki y’Ubuhinde ya "Smart Manufacturing 2.0" kugeza ku kuvugurura ibikoresho byatewe n’umushinga wa Vietnam wa "Made in Vietnam 2025", amasoko mashya ntabwo akiri ahantu ho gupimisha ikoranabuhanga riciriritse gusa, ahubwo ubu ni ahantu h’ingenzi hatuma ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere mu buryo buhendutse, bushobora guhinduka neza, kandi bworoshye kubungabungwa. Iyi nkuru izasesengura inzira eshanu z’ingenzi z’iterambere rya robots za servo z'imashini ikora inshinge mu masoko ari kuzamuka, bihuza imiterere y'isoko ry'akarere n'amategeko y'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga.

1. Ikoranabuhanga rizigama ingufu riba itegeko risanzwe kugira ngo umuntu yinjire ku isoko, kandi ihinduka rya sisitemu ya servo rituma habaho kunoza ikiguzi.

Mu masoko ari kuzamuka, aho ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi bidatera imbere neza kandi ikiguzi cy'ingufu kigakomeza kuba kinini, imikorere yo kuzigama ingufu yabaye inyungu ikomeye ku irushanwa rya robots za servo z'imashini zikora inshinge. Amakuru agaragaza ko sisitemu za servo zirenga 40% bya Roboti y'ingandaikoreshwa ry'ingufu, kandi amasosiyete ari ku masoko ari mu iterambere afite ubwiyongere bwa 37% ku ikiguzi cy'ingufu kurusha ayo mu bihugu byateye imbere. Iki cyifuzo kirimo gutuma iterambere ryihuse ry'ikoranabuhanga rya servo rigana ku musaruro mwiza no gukoresha neza ingufu.

Inzira y'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho igaragaza ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi: Icya mbere, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bishya ku rwego runini. Moteri za Servo zikoresha magneti ahoraho y'ubutaka zishobora kugabanya igihombo cy'icyuma n'umuringa kugeza kuri 25%. Iyo zihujwe n'abashoferi ba SiC binjiza ingufu nyinshi, zishobora kongera imikorere myiza y'ingufu muri rusange kugeza ku kigero kirenga 95%.
Icya kabiri, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kugarura ingufu mu buryo bukwirakwira. Mu gusubiza ingufu zikoreshwa mu gufunga feri mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, iri koranabuhanga rishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu gihe cyo gushushanya inshinge ku kigero cya 30%. Imashini z'Abashinwa zo ku isoko ry'Amajyepfo y'Amajyepfo zimaze kuzigama amashanyarazi arenga 1.200 kWh kuri buri mashini ikoresha iri koranabuhanga buri mwaka.
Icya gatatu, ikoreshwa rya algorithme y’ubwenge mu kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu rihindura umusaruro wa servo binyuze mu gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse impinduka mu mutwaro w’ingufu, bigabanura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ritameze neza ku kigero cya 15% mu gihe cy’imikorere y’igihe gito.
Gahunda za politiki zikomeje gushimangira iyi ngeso. Ingaruka za politiki y’u Burayi yo gusoresha ku mipaka ya karuboni zatumye amasoko agamije kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga nka Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati na Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba ashyiraho ibikoresho byo kuzigama ingufu. Guverinoma ya Viyetinamu yashyizemo robots zo kuzigama ingufu muri gahunda yayo yo kuvugurura tekiniki, zigatanga inkunga igera kuri 20% by’ishoramari ry’ibikoresho. Biteganyijwe ko mu 2027, igipimo cy’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibikoresho kizaba cyarashyizwemo. Robot yo GutunganyaIfite uburyo bwo kuzigama ingufu buhanitse mu masoko ari kuzamuka, iziyongera kuva kuri 41% muri 2025 kugera kuri 68%.

II. Ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge rishyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo butandukanye, aho icyerekezo n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibintu mbere y'igihe biba intambwe ishimishije mu kugabanya ikiguzi

Gukenera ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge mu masoko ari gutera imbere birangwa no gushyira imbere imikorere y’ibanze no guteza imbere imikorere igezweho buhoro buhoro, hamwe no kudashaka kwishyura ikoranabuhanga ridafite akamaro. Iki cyifuzo gitandukanye kirimo gutuma habaho inzira isobanutse kandi ijyanye n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge, aho kumenya amashusho ya AI no kubungabunga amakuru mbere y’igihe ari byo bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ikoranabuhanga mu buryo buhendutse.

Mu mikoreshereze y’amaso, sisitemu zo kuyobora icyerekezo cya 3D zirimo gusimbura vuba sensor zisanzwe zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ikosa ryazo ryo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya rishobora kugenzurwa muri ± 0.05mm, rigahuza n’ibikenewe mu mikoreshereze isanzwe yo gusya inshinge nk’ibice bishya by’imodoka zikoresha ingufu n’ibice by’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho. Amakuru yo ku isoko ry’Ubuhinde agaragaza ko mu 2025, igipimo cyo kwinjira kwa robots zifite umurongo utandatu zifite sisitemu yo kureba kizaba cyageze kuri 61%, cyane cyane mu nzego z’imodoka n’iz’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Igiciro cy’izi robots ni 12%-18% gusa, kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije n’ibikoresho by’ubwenge byabugenewe. Ikigaragara cyane ni uko sisitemu zo kureba ku masoko mashya zirimo kwerekeza ku byuma byoroshye. Mu koroshya modules za algorithm no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo mu gace, zishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho ho 40% mu gihe zigumana ubuziranenge bw’ibanze.

Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo kubungabunga ibintu mbere y'igihe riri kwihuta cyane kurusha uko byari byitezwe. Amasoko ari mu nzira y'amajyambere muri rusange ahura n'ikibazo cy'abakozi b'inzobere mu bikorwa no kubungabunga, kandi igihe cyo gukora ibintu bitewe n'ibura ry'ibikoresho ni inshuro 2.3 ugereranyije n'ibihugu byateye imbere. Imirimo yo gukora ibintu kure n'ibikoresho byo kubungabunga ibikoresho bishingiye kuri IoT, binyuze mu gukusanya amakuru aturuka mu kugenzura imihindagurikire no kumenya ubushyuhe, bishobora gutanga umuburo w'iminsi 30 mbere y'igihe ku bibazo bishobora kubaho mu bice by'ingenzi nka moteri za servo na za reduction, bikagabanya igihe cyo gukora ibintu kitateganijwe ho 60%. Ubunararibonye bw'iki kigo mpuzamahanga mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya bwagaragaje ko robo zifite ubu buryo zishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy'abakiriya cyo kubungabunga ku mwaka ho 28%, mu gihe cyo kwishyura cy'amezi 14 gusa. Mu 2025, umubare w'roboti zikora ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho mu masoko ari mu nzira y'amajyambere zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu kure n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibicuruzwa bizarenga 39%, kandi zirimo kwiyongera ku kigero cya 8% buri mwaka.

III. Guhindura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa no kubigabanya bihindura imiterere yabyo kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyo abakiriya bato n'abaciriritse bakeneye.

Imiterere y'inganda z'amasoko ari kuzamuka yiganjemo ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse. Aba bakiriya muri rusange bahura n'ibicuruzwa bito, ibicuruzwa bivugururwa vuba, n'umwanya muto w'uruganda. Ibi bituma ihinduka rya robots za servo z'imashini zikora injection modular rijya mu gishushanyo mbonera no mu buryo buciriritse.

Akamaro k'ingenzi k'ikoranabuhanga rya modular kari mu guhuza ibintu no guhinduranya vuba. Mu kugabanya imikorere nko gufata, kwimura no gushyira mu byiciro modular zisanzwe, abakiriya bashobora kuzihuza mu buryo bworoshye hashingiwe ku bunini bw'igice cyabumbwe (kuva kuri catheter ntoya zo kwa muganga kugeza ku bikoresho biciriritse), kugabanya igihe cyo guhindura ibikoresho kuva ku masaha 2-3 asanzwe kugeza ku minota iri munsi ya 15. Modeli nto zigamije imashini nto n'iziciriritse zo gushushanya inshinge munsi ya toni 500 ni zo zikenewe cyane, aho icyuho ku isoko cya 38%. Mu matsinda atunganya pulasitiki nka Vietnam na Tayilande, ibihe byo gutanga ibicuruzwa byabaye ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo guhangana. Bakoresheje ibyiza byo gucuruza ibikoresho mu gace runaka, inganda z'Abashinwa zagabanyije igihe cyo gutanga izi mashini kugeza ku minsi 15-20, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'igihe cy'ibirango by'i Burayi na Amerika, byongera umugabane wazo ku isoko kugeza kuri 39%.

Icyerekezo cyo gukora ibintu bito no koroshya ibyuma kibanda cyane cyane ku gukora ibikoresho bikozwe mu buryo bunoze. Mu nzego z'ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byo mu buvuzi bya 3C, icyifuzo cy'amarobo aciriritse afite imizigo iri munsi ya 0.5kg kirimo kwiyongera ku kigero cya 11.4% ku mwaka. Ubushobozi bwo kongeramo buragera kuri ± 0.02mm, bugahuza n'ibyo ukeneye mu gukora ibikoresho bikozwe mu buryo bunoze nka module za kamera za telefoni zigendanwa n'insinga zuzuye. Kugira ngo zihuze n'imbogamizi zo gutwara imizigo z'inganda mu masoko ari imbere, izi robo zikoresha ibice bya aluminiyumu na servo drives zivanze, bigatuma ibiro bigabanukaho 35% ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe. Byongeye kandi, imiterere myiza y'inzira yo kugenda ituma urusaku rw'imikorere ruguma munsi ya decibel 70.

IV. Izamuka ry'ikoranabuhanga ryakozwe mu turere kugira ngo rihuze n'imikorere yihariye y'amasoko ari mu nzira y'amajyambere

Amasoko ari kuzamuka aratandukanye cyane mu bikorwaremezo, imiterere y'ibikoresho fatizo, n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya, bigatuma bigorana kumenyera ibisubizo bya tekiniki rusange. Ibi birimo gutera inganda guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryihariye rijyanye n'uturere runaka, bigateza imbere uburyo bwo "guteza imbere ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwihariye".

Kudahuzagurika ku isoko ry’Ubuhinde ni ikibazo gikomeye. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, sisitemu ya servo ikoresha ingufu nyinshi (wide voltage adaptive system) yabaye isanzwe. Ikora neza mu rugero rw’ihindagurika rya voltage rya ± 20% kandi ifite module yo kubika ingufu ya supercapacitor kugira ngo igabanye ibura ry’amashanyarazi ry’igihe gito. Kugira ngo ihuze n’umwanda mwinshi mu bikoresho fatizo bya pulasitiki byo mu gace, abakora poroteyine bananogeje ubushobozi bwo gusiga irangi ridashobora kwangirika no kumenya ibintu by’amahanga bya roboti, bigabanya igipimo cyo gucika kw’ibikoresho ku kigero cya 42%.

Isoko ry’Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba rigaragaza itandukaniro ridasanzwe mu bijyanye n’ikoreshwa. Inganda zikora amasezerano y’ikoranabuhanga muri Vietnam zibanda ku gukoresha ibice byihuse cyane. Roboti zikora ibikoresho byo ku ruhande kuri iyi porogaramu zitanga umuvuduko w’ingendo zigera ku 120 ku munota hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu gukora imashini zikoresha inshinge. Inganda zikora ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi muri Maleziya zirimo guteza imbere vuba ikoreshwa ry’imashini zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu cyumba cy’isuku. Izi mashini zikoresha ibikoresho by’icyuma kitagira umugese n’amavuta yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, byujuje ibisabwa na GMP. Igipimo cyazo cyo kwinjira mu bikoresho bikoresha inshinge kitagira umugese cyazamutse kuva kuri 18% mu 2023 kigera kuri 35% mu 2025.

Ibisabwa mu guhindura ibintu ku isoko rya Amerika y'Epfo byibanda ku kuramba no koroshya kubungabunga. Kugira ngo basubize ibibazo ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe bwinshi, abakora ibikoresho banonosoye imiterere y'ubushyuhe bwa moteri ya servo hamwe n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'akabati k'amashanyarazi, bagera ku gihe kiri hagati y'ibyangiritse (MTBF) kirenga amasaha 12.000. Uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibintu butuma abakozi bakora ibibazo by'ibanze bafite amahugurwa make, bigabanya cyane kwishingikiriza ku batekinisiye b'inzobere.

V. Ikoranabuhanga rishingiye kuri serivisi rihindura imiterere y'ubucuruzi n'imbogamizi zo kugabanuka kw'abajya ku isoko

Ibigo bikiri ku isoko rikiri kuzamuka muri rusange bihura n’ibibazo bikomeye by’imari n’amafaranga adahagije yo kubika ibikoresho, bigatuma bigorana kwagura isoko vuba binyuze mu buryo bworoshye bwo kugurisha ibikoresho. Iki kibazo kirimo gutuma habaho ihinduka ry’imashini zikora inshinge. robots za servo kuva ku "kugurisha ibikoresho" kugeza ku "Igikoresho nk'Urwego (DaaS)," kandi ikoranabuhanga rishyigikira ubu buryo ririmo kuba inyungu ikomeye mu irushanwa.

Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rishyigikira ni uburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho n'urubuga rwo gucunga amakuru. Hamwe na module ya 5G yubatswemo (ijyanye na 4G/Wi-Fi mu bice bifite ibikorwa remezo by'umuyoboro udakora neza), iyi robo ituma amakuru akorwa mu buryo butunguranye ashyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo butunguranye ndetse no kuyagenzura mu buryo bwa kure. Hanyuma abakora bashobora guha abakiriya uburyo bwo kwishyura bunoze nko gutanga ibiciro kuri buri shusho no gusangira inyungu hakurikijwe ubushobozi. Igisubizo cya DaaS cy'uruganda rwo mu Bushinwa muri Brezili cyagaragaje ko ikiguzi cy'ishoramari ry'abakiriya ku kigero cya 60% cyagabanutseho, mu gihe uruganda, binyuze mu bikorwa no kubungabunga, rwongereye ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho kugeza ku kigero cya 85%, bigatuma impande zombi zigira inyungu kuri buri wese.

Sisitemu yo gushyigikira serivisi za tekiniki irimo kuvugururwa. Kugira ngo hakemuke ikibazo cy'ibura ry'ibigo bitanga serivisi mu masoko ari gutera imbere, ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyobora ikoranabuhanga rya AR ryakoreshejwe cyane. Abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga, bambaye indorerwamo za AR, bashobora guhabwa ubuyobozi bwihuse buturutse ku bahanga bo ku cyicaro gikuru, binongera ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo ku kigero cya 50%. Muri icyo gihe, uruganda rwatangiye gushyiraho ububiko bw'ibikoresho by'ibice mu bigo byo mu karere. Hakoreshejwe amakuru ateganya ko ibikoresho by'ingenzi bizashyirwa mu bubiko mbere y'uko bishyirwa mu bubiko, ibi byagabanyije igihe cyo gutanga ibikoresho by'ingenzi kikagera ku masaha ari munsi ya 48, inshuro zirenga eshatu ugereranyije n'uburyo busanzwe.

Iyi mpinduka ishingiye kuri serivisi irimo guhindura imiterere y’isoko. Amakuru agaragaza ko abakora imashini bakoresha uburyo bwa DaaS bafite igipimo cyo kugumana abakiriya ku masoko ari kuzamuka kigera kuri 27% kurusha uburyo busanzwe, kandi igipimo cy’amafaranga yinjira muri serivisi cyariyongereye kuva kuri 9% mu 2023 kigera kuri 15% mu 2025, kandi biteganijwe ko kizarenga 23% mu 2030.

Umwanzuro: Amasoko Akiri Gutera Imbere Asobanura Ibipimo Bishya by'Ikoranabuhanga

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya robots za servo zo gukoresha imashini zikora inshinge mu masoko ari mu nzira y'amajyambere riragoye ubwenge busanzwe bw'uko ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'igiciro gito ari ibintu bifitanye isano. Kubungabunga ingufu bishyiraho urufatiro rwo kugera ku isoko, ubwenge bwibanda ku bintu by'ingenzi bikoreshwa, modularization ihuza n'ibikenewe mu musaruro, guhindura ibintu mu buryo buboneye bikemura ibibazo byo mu karere, kandi uburyo bushingiye kuri serivisi bigabanya inzitizi ku kwinjira mu ikoranabuhanga. Guhuza ibi bintu bitanu by'ingenzi ntibizatuma igipimo cy'ikoranabuhanga mu gukoresha inshinge mu masoko ari mu nzira y'amajyambere kiva kuri 28% muri 2022 kikagera kuri 52% mu 2030 gusa, ahubwo bizanasobanura neza ikoranabuhanga mu gukoresha robots zikora inshinge ku isi yose.