Icyiciro cyo Kwiyongera cy'Inganda 4.0: Iteganyagihe ry'Iterambere rya Roboti za Servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu mu myaka itanu iri imbere

Icyiciro cyo Kwiyongera cy'Inganda 4.0: Iteganyagihe ry'Iterambere rya Roboti za Servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu mu myaka itanu iri imbere

Kubera ko igipimo cy’inganda zikora ibintu bishya ku isi kigeze kuri 35% kandi igipimo cy’inganda zikora ibintu bishya mu gace ka Yangtze River Delta mu Bushinwa kirenga 37%, inganda zikora ibintu bishya ziri mu mpinduka zikomeye ziva ku "birwa by’ikoranabuhanga" zijya ku "buhanga mpuzamahanga." Muri iki gikorwa, robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu, nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo guhindura imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga, birimo guhinduka kuva ku bikoresho gakondo bisimbura imirimo isubiramo kugeza ku tuntu tw'ubwenge duhuza impanga z'ikoranabuhanga n'isi ifatika. Hashingiwe ku makuru agezweho mu nganda n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, iyi nkuru isesengura inzira y'iterambere rya robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu mu myaka itanu iri imbere uhereye ku bitekerezo bitatu: iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, kuvugurura isoko, n'imihindagurikire y'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, bitanga ubuyobozi mu gufata ibyemezo ku mpinduka z'ubwenge z'ibigo by'inganda.

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Intambwe kuva mu gushyira mu bikorwa neza kugeza ku bwenge bwo mu mutwe

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya robots za servo zifite umurongo mugari eshatu riterwa n'ingamba ebyiri zo "gukora neza + kwinjira mu buryo bw'ubwenge." Mu 2023, ubuhanga bwa sisitemu za servo zo mu gihugu bwari bwariyongereye bugera kuri ± 0.02 mm, kandi ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo bwari bwaragabanutse bugera kuri ± 0.05 mm. Ibi bipimo byageze ku bipimo mpuzamahanga byo hejuru, bitanga ishingiro ryo gukora neza. Ikigaragara cyane ni uko hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa rya 5G na AI rikoreshwa mu buryo bwimbitse, ibikoresho birimo kwihutisha iterambere ryabyo rigana kuri sisitemu "yo kubona no gufata ibyemezo". Biteganijwe ko mu 2025, igipimo cyo kwinjira mu buryo bufite ubushobozi bwo kumenya amashusho ya AI kizarenga 50%, bivuze ko inyinshi muri eshatuRoboti zo mu bwoko bwa Axis izaba ifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya no guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwigenga.

Ubufatanye no guhuza imashini n'abantu byabaye ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga. Mu 2023, robots zikorana zifite umurongo wa gatatu zakoze 29% by'ibikorwa byo guteranya neza mu nganda za 3C, kandi iki gipimo cyitezweho kwiyongera kikagera kuri 35% mu 2025. Iri terambere ntirigaragarira gusa mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kugenzura imbaraga— Igikapu cya Robot Hindura ako kanya imbaraga zayo iyo ikoze ku gikoresho—ariko nanone mu buryo bushya bwo kwirinda. Binyuze mu guhuza radar ya milimetero n'ibikoresho bireba, kugenzura intera iri hagati y'abantu n'imashini biragerwaho. Inyigo yakozwe n'uruganda rukora amasezerano y'ikoranabuhanga igaragaza ko gutangiza robots z'ubufatanye zifite umurongo wa gatatu byongereye ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho kuva kuri 65% kugeza kuri 89%, ndetse binagabanya igipimo cy'imvune ku kigero cya 72%.

Uburambe bw'igishushanyo mbonera cya modular ni ukuvugurura uburyo bwo gushyiraho ibikoresho. Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bikoresha imiterere isanzwe, bigabanya imikorere yo gushyiraho ibikoresho ho 40%. Igihe cyo kwishyura ibikoresho kimwe ku bigo bito n'ibiciriritse bitunganya ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga cyagabanijwe kigera ku mezi atarenze 18. Ubu buryo bwo gushyira ibikoresho mu byiciro, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gukoresha porogaramu zishushanyije, butuma n'ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bidafite injeniyeri z'inzobere mu by'ikoranabuhanga bikoresha robots bishobora gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga vuba. Iri terambere mu ikoranabuhanga riterwa no gukura kw'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho. Mu 2023, ibigo byo mu gihugu byari bimaze kugera ku gipimo cya 65% cy'uburyo ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikoreshwa. Nubwo igipimo cy'uburyo ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibikoresho nk'ibigabanya RV kikiri kuri 28% gusa, iki kibazo kirimo kugabanuka buhoro buhoro binyuze mu bushakashatsi buhuriweho hagati y'inganda, amashuri makuru n'ubushakashatsi.

Kuvugurura Isoko: Amahirwe yo mu miterere aterwa na politiki n'ibikenewe

Roboti yo mu Bushinwa ifite amashami atatu Isoko riri hafi y’izamuka rikomeye, rikagera kuri miliyari 4.5 z’amayuan mu 2023, aho igipimo cy’izamuka ry’ingufu cya 12%-15% buri mwaka. Iri zamuka ntirikwirakwira ku buryo bungana, ahubwo rigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye mu nganda n’izamuka ry’ibiciro mu turere. Urwego rushya rw’ibinyabiziga bikoresha ingufu rwitwaye neza cyane, rutanga 32% by’izamuka ry’isoko mu 2023. Ingero z’ikoreshwa mu bihe nk’iteranya ry’ibikoresho bya bateri y’amashanyarazi n’igeragezwa rya module ya IGBT zabonye izamuka rya 54% umwaka ku wundi, bigaragaza ko hakenewe cyane ibikoresho byikora mu nganda zigezweho.

Gukomeza gutanga inyungu za politiki nziza byabaye ingenzi mu kwagura isoko. Gahunda y’ibikorwa byo gusaba "Robot+", yashyizwe ahagaragara na Minisiteri y’Inganda n’Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru n’andi mashami 17, ivuga neza ko mu 2025, ubucucike bw’amarobo mu nganda zikora buzikuba kabiri ugereranije n’urwego rwa 2020, kandi hazabaho uburyo burenga 200 bwo gukoresha amarobo busanzwe. Ku rwego rw’ibanze, Jiangsu na Guangdong, ibigo bibiri bikomeye mu nganda, byashoye arenga miliyari 2 z’amayuan mu bigega byihariye, bituma igipimo cy’amarobo atatu mu nganda nto n’iziciriritse kiva kuri 17% mu 2021 kigera kuri 28% mu 2023. Inkunga y’imisoro yaragize akamaro, hamwe no kugabanyirizwa andi mafaranga yakoreshejwe mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere byiyongereye kuva kuri 75% kugera ku 100%, bituma ibicuruzwa bya robo byiyongeraho 12 ku ijana mu 2023.

Imiterere y'irushanwa ku isoko irimo guhinduka cyane. Ibigo byo mu gace Estun na Efort bifite imigabane ku isoko ya 42%. Ingamba zabo zihendutse zagabanyije igiciro cy'ibigo mpuzamahanga ku kigero cya 15%-18%, byihutisha ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ikoranabuhanga. Iri rushanwa ryatumye ibiciro bitandukana: Ibiciro bisanzwe byagabanutseho 7% buri mwaka, mu gihe igiciro cy'ibicuruzwa by'ubwenge bifite icyerekezo gihamye gikomeje kwiyongera, aho imigabane yabyo ku isoko yiyongera kuva kuri 18% muri 2019 kugera kuri 34% muri 2023. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byabaye imbarutso nshya y'iterambere, aho ingano y'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga iteganijwe kwiyongeraho 37% buri mwaka muri 2023. Ubusabe bw'ibihugu biri muri gahunda ya Belt and Road ni bwinshi cyane, aho imigabane yoherezwa mu mahanga iteganijwe kwiyongera kuva kuri 18% ubu ikagera kuri 25% muri 2025.

Iterambere ry'Urusobe rw'Ibidukikije: Kuva ku Mucuruzi w'Ibikoresho kugeza ku Mufatanyabikorwa mu Gukora mu Buhanga

Roboti za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu zirimo kuva ku bikoresho byikora byigenga kugeza ku by'ingenzi mu nganda za digitale, bigatera ivugurura ry'uruhererekane rw'agaciro rw'inganda. Iri hinduka rigaragara mu buryo butatu: Ku bijyanye n'amakuru, kwinjira kwa IIoT mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byageze kuri 55% mu 2024. Roboti zikoresha sensors zubatswemo kugira ngo zikusanye amakuru y'igihe nyacyo nk'ubushyuhe, vibration, n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, bishyigikira kubungabunga ibintu mbere y'igihe. Ku bijyanye n'imikorere, ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya digitale ryagabanyije igihe cyo gutanga serivisi kuri interineti ho 60%. Umwe mu bakora ibikoresho by'imodoka, binyuze mu buryo bwa digitale, yagabanyije igihe cyo gutangiza ibicuruzwa bishya kuva ku byumweru 12 kugeza ku byumweru 5. Ku bijyanye n'ibidukikije, abakora ibikoresho batangiye gutanga ibisubizo byuzuye bya "hardware + software + services", bigatuma inyungu ikubye inshuro 2-3 ugereranyije no kugurisha ibikoresho gusa.

Kwaguka kw'ibipimo ngenderwaho mu nzego zitandukanye birimo gusenya imbibi z'inganda zisanzwe. Mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, kugura robo zifasha mu kubaga byiyongereyeho 315% uko umwaka utashye mu 2023, bigaragaza ibyiza byazo bidasanzwe mu mikorere myiza. Mu nganda zipakira ibiribwa, igipimo cyo kwinjira muri robots zifite axis eshatu hamwe n’imiterere yo kurwanya kwanduza byazamutse kuva kuri 19% mu 2021 kugera kuri 34% mu 2023. Ndetse no mu buhinzi, robo zifite ubushobozi bwo kubona neza ikoranabuhanga rya AI zatumye imbuto n’imboga bitoranywa neza kandi bigashyirwa mu byiciro. Inyuma y’iri koranabuhanga rihuriweho n’inganda zitandukanye hari ubuhanga bwo kuringaniza ikoranabuhanga rusange hamwe n’ubuhanga mu gutanga ibisubizo by’inganda.

Mu myaka itanu iri imbere, inganda zizahura n’imbogamizi ebyiri zo gushyiraho amabwiriza agenga ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho no kubishyira ku giti cyabyo. Ku ruhande rumwe, amabwiriza mashya y’imashini yashyizweho n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ashyiraho amabwiriza mashya 118 y’umutekano, kandi ikiguzi cyo kwemeza ibikoresho ku bigo bigamije kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyitezwe kwiyongeraho 23%. Ku rundi ruhande, icyerekezo cyo gukora ibikoresho bito kandi byinshi gisaba ko ibikoresho birushaho koroha. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo guhangana n’ibi bibazo ni ukubaka urubuga rw’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha uburyo bwa modular—kwizeza ko byizewe kandi bikagira akamaro binyuze mu buryo bw’ibanze busanzwe, mu gihe hakemurwa ibikenewe mu nganda binyuze mu buryo buhinduranya ibikoresho na porogaramu zigezweho. Ubu buryo bwagaragajwe n’ibigo bikomeye. Uruganda rumwe, binyuze mu gushushanya uburyo bwa modular, rwazamuye umurongo w’ibicuruzwa byarwo kuva kuri 12 kugeza kuri 28, mu gihe icyarimwe rugabanya imikorere yarwo y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ku kigero cya 40%.

Umwanzuro: Gukoresha amahirwe y'ingamba zo gukora ibintu byoroheje kandi by'ubwenge

Muri iki gihe cy’amateka mu iterambere ry’Inganda 4.0, agaciro ka robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu karenze urwego rw’ibikoresho byoroshye byo gukora neza, biba umutungo "w’ibanze" w’ingamba zo guhindura ikoranabuhanga ry’amasosiyete akora. Ku bigo binini, ni ishami risanzwe ryo kubaka inganda zigezweho; ku bigo bito n’ibiciriritse, ni igisubizo cyoroshye cyo kuziba icyuho cy’imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga; naho ku bakora ibikoresho, ni inkingi y’ingamba zo kuva ku kugurisha ibicuruzwa ukagera ku musaruro w’ubushobozi.

Mu myaka itanu iri imbere, urufunguzo rwo gutsinda ntiruri mu muvuduko w'udushya mu ikoranabuhanga gusa, ahubwo no mu gusobanukirwa neza ibyo inganda zikeneye. Ibigo bishobora guhindura uburyo bwo gukora neza serivisi mu buryo bunoze, gukusanya amakuru mu buryo bwo gufata ibyemezo, no gutanga inyungu ku isoko bizakoresha iyi gahunda muri uru rwego rw'inganda zikora ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge. Kubera ko ubucucike bw'inganda zikora ibintu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga mu karere ka Yangtze bugeze kuri 79% by'urwego rwateye imbere ku rwego mpuzamahanga, mu gihe uturere two hagati n'utw'iburengerazuba tugifite umwanya wa 45% wo gukura, impinduka z'isoko buhoro buhoro n'impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga mu bisekuru bitanga amahirwe y'amateka ku bigo byiteguye.

Hamwe na inganda inganda zihanganye n'ibibazo bibiri by'izamuka ry'ibiciro by'abakozi (biteganijwe ko bizazamukaho 46% muri 2023 ugereranije na 2018) no kongera imbaraga mu irushanwa mpuzamahanga, robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu ntizikiri amahitamo ahubwo ni ngombwa mu kubaho no mu iterambere. Inzira y'ikoranabuhanga yatoranyijwe, amasoko y'ingamba zigamije, hamwe n'ibidukikije byakozwe bizagena umwanya wa nyuma w'ikigo mu rwego rw'inganda zikora ibintu by'ubwenge.