Gukoresha Servo Manipulators mu Kugura: Ibintu by'ingenzi mu Isuzuma n'Isuzuma ry'Abatanga Serivisi

Kugura Servo Manipulators: Ibintu by'ingenzi mu isuzuma n'isuzuma ry'abatanga serivisi

Ku baguzi, servo manipulators, nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gukora ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere myiza y'abakiriya no kugenzura ikiguzi bitewe n'ubwiza, imikorere, n'uburyo imiyoboro y'ibikoresho ihagaze neza. Ku isoko mpuzamahanga, hari abatanga servo manipulators benshi, ariko ubushobozi bwabo n'ubushobozi bwabo biratandukanye cyane. Gusuzuma neza no guhitamo abatanga servo beza bujuje ibisabwa mu bufatanye bw'igihe kirekire ni intambwe ikomeye mu gufata ibyemezo byo kugura. Iyi nkuru izasesengura ibintu by'ingenzi mu gusuzuma abatanga serivisi zo gukoresha servo hashingiwe ku ngingo eshanu z'ingenzi: imbaraga za tekiniki, ubushobozi bwo gukora, kugenzura ubuziranenge, sisitemu ya serivisi, n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukorana. Ibi biha abaguzi uburyo bwo gusuzuma buhamye kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka zo gutanga amasoko no kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'abaguzi mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.

Ubwa mbere, imbaraga za tekiniki: Gusuzuma "Irushanwa ry'ingenzi" ry'umutanga serivisi

Ibikubiye mu ikoranabuhanga rya servo manipulators bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku buziranenge bw'ibikoresho, umuvuduko, guhagarara neza no guhinduka, kandi imbaraga za tekiniki z'umutanga ni ingenzi mu kwemeza imikorere y'ibicuruzwa. Abaguzi bagurishije bagomba kwibanda ku bintu bitatu bikurikira mu gihe basuzuma:

1. Ubushobozi bwigenga bwo gukora ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ku ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze

Abatanga serivisi nziza bagomba kugira ubushobozi bwo gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere porogaramu za servo, uburyo bwo kugenzura, n'imiterere y'imashini, aho kwishingikiriza gusa ku bice by'ingenzi biva hanze kugira ngo biteranywe. Kugenzura bishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bukurikira:

Reba niba umucuruzi afite ikoranabuhanga rya patenti (nk'uburyo bwo gukora neza moteri za servo, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutegura inzira yo kugenda, n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura rihuza imiyoboro myinshi), kandi usobanukirwe n'ingano y'ipatanti zikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa nyabyo;

Baza ingano n'imiterere y'itsinda ry'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere (nk'umubare n'uburambe bw'abahanga mu by'ubukanishi, abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga, n'abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga), ndetse n'ishoramari ry'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'umwaka (ubusanzwe, abatanga serivisi nziza bashora nibura 8%-12% by'amafaranga yinjira buri mwaka);

Suzuma umuvuduko w'ivugurura ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibicuruzwa, urugero niba ibicuruzwa bishobora gutangiza vuba moderi zihariye zijyanye n'ibintu bitandukanye hashingiwe ku byo inganda zikeneye (nk'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bya 3C, inganda zikora imodoka, n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi), kandi niba ibicuruzwa bishyigikira kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga (nk'uko byongewemo nyuma sisitemu zo gushyiramo amaso cyangwa se sensors zo kugenzura imbaraga).

2. Ibipimo by'imikorere y'ibicuruzwa n'uburyo urwego rubikoresha ruhura

Inganda zitandukanye zifite ibisabwa bitandukanye cyane kuri servo manipulators (urugero: gusudira imodoka bisaba imitwaro myinshi, guteranya 3C bisaba ubuziranenge bwo hejuru). Urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa by'utanga ibicuruzwa n'uburambe bw'inganda bigena neza uburyo ubufatanye bushoboka:

Kwibanda ku bipimo by'imikorere y'ingenzi: ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo (bugomba kuba ≤±0.02mm, ≤±0.005mm ku bikorwa by'ubuhanga bwo hejuru), umutwaro ntarengwa (ugomba gukwirakwizwa n'ibyo abakiriya b'abaguzi bakeneye, urugero, 5kg-500kg), umuvuduko wo gukora (umuvuduko ntarengwa wo kudatwara imizigo n'umuvuduko wo kwangirika kw'umuzigo munsi y'umuzigo), n'igihe cyo gukora (ibice by'ingenzi nk'imirongo y'ubuyobozi n'ibice by'icyuma bigomba kugira igihe cyo gukora igishushanyo mbonera cy'amasaha ≥10.000).

Kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’inganda: Shyira imbere abatanga serivisi bafite inyigo zifatika mu nganda zigenewe abaguzi (urugero, guteranya bateri nshya z’ingufu, gupakira ibiribwa). Saba raporo z’ikoreshwa ry’abakiriya (urugero, igipimo cy’ibikoresho byangiritse, amakuru yo kunoza umusaruro), no gukora igenzura ry’ingero z’abakiriya.

Ubushobozi bwo kugerageza uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu: Abaguzi bagura ibintu byinshi bakunze gutanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye ku bakiriya batandukanye. Abatanga ibicuruzwa bagomba kuba bashobora gusubiza vuba ibyifuzo byo guhindura ibintu, urugero, niba bashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa byuzuye mu minsi 30-60. Igikorwa kuva ku gushushanya kugeza ku gutanga igishushanyo mbonera gishobora kurangira mu minsi 10, hamwe n'ikiguzi cyo guhindura ibintu (ubusanzwe, igiciro cy'ubwishingizi ku bikoresho byihariye ntikirenza 20% by'uburyo busanzwe).

3. Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko ya tekiniki n'impamyabushobozi z'inganda

Isoko ry’isi rifite ibisabwa bikomeye ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho by’inganda, kandi icyemezo cy’ibicuruzwa by’abatanga ibicuruzwa bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ngaruka z’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ku baguzi:

Impamyabushobozi mpuzamahanga zisabwa: Impamyabushobozi ya EU CE (EMC, LVD), Impamyabushobozi ya US UL, Impamyabushobozi ya ISO 9001 yo gucunga ubuziranenge, n'Impamyabushobozi ya ISO 14001 yo gucunga ibidukikije;

Impamyabushobozi zijyanye n'inganda: Impamyabushobozi ku nzego runaka (nka ISO 13485 ku bikoresho by'ubuvuzi na ATEX ku bikoresho bidaturika) zigomba kwemezwa hashingiwe ku isoko ry'umuguzi n'imiterere y'ikoreshwa;

Amahame ngenderwaho ku bidukikije n'umutekano: Kwibanda ku kubahiriza amabwiriza ya RoHS 2.0 ku bidukikije (kugabanya ibintu bishobora guteza akaga) no gushyiramo ibintu by'umutekano (nk'utubuto two guhagarara byihutirwa n'aho amatara y'umutekano ahurira) kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda koherezwa cyangwa kugaruzwa bitewe n'ibibazo byo kubahiriza amategeko.

Icya kabiri, ubushobozi bwo gukora: Gushimangira "Umurongo w'ingenzi uhamye" w'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho

Ibisabwa by'ingenzi n'abaguzi ni "ubwinshi, ku gihe, kandi buhamye". Ingano y'umusaruro w'abatanga ibicuruzwa, ubushobozi bwo kubika, n'ubushobozi bwo gucunga uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa ni ingenzi mu kwirinda gutinda gutumiza no kubangamira ibicuruzwa. Ibi bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cy'isuzuma:

1. Igipimo cy'umusaruro n'ubushobozi bwo kubika

Ubunini n'ubushobozi bw'umusaruro w'umucuruzi bigena ubushobozi bwe bwo guhangana n'ibicuruzwa binini no guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'ibikenewe.

Suzuma imiterere y'ibanze cy'umusaruro: ubuso bw'ibanze cy'umusaruro (bugomba kuba ≥5,000 m2; abatanga ibicuruzwa banini bakunze kugira inganda zirenga 10,000 m2), umubare w'imirongo y'umusaruro (≥3 ku bikoresho bisanzwe na ≥1 ku bikoresho byihariye), n'urwego rw'imikorere y'ibikoresho by'ingenzi (nk'ibigo by'imashini za CNC, imashini zica laser, n'intebe zo gupima moteri za servo) (igipimo cy'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga kigomba kuba ≥60% kugira ngo hamenyekane ko imashini ikora neza kandi ihoraho).

Kugenzura amakuru y’ubushobozi bwo gukora: Gusaba abatanga serivisi gutanga ubushobozi nyabwo bwo gukora mu mezi 12 ashize (urugero: moderi 500 zisanzwe n’imideli 100 zihariye ku kwezi), ikoreshwa ry’ubushobozi (ubusanzwe riguma kuri 70%-80%, aho 20%-30% bigenerwa abatumiza mu bihe byihutirwa), n’ubushobozi bwo gukora mu bihe byihutirwa (urugero: niba ubushobozi bushobora kongerwa mu kwezi kumwe mu gihe cy’ibihe by’imbeho cyangwa ku batumiza mu bihe byihutirwa). 50%);

Emeza ububiko bw'ibikoresho: Sobanukirwa ingano y'umutekano w'abatanga ibikoresho ku bice by'ingenzi (nk'ibinyabiziga bya servo, imashini zigenzura, n'inzira z'ubuyobozi) (zigomba gukwirakwizwa mu minsi 30-60 y'umusaruro) kandi niba amasezerano y'igihe kirekire yo gutanga ibikoresho yasinywe n'abatanga ibikoresho by'ingenzi (nk'ibinyabiziga bya Panasonic, Mitsubishi, na THK) kugira ngo hirindwe ko umusaruro uhagarara bitewe n'ihungabana ry'umusaruro.

2. Uruhererekane rw'umusaruro n'imikorere myiza yo gutanga umusaruro

Ku baguzi, igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku rujya n'uruza rw'amafaranga no kunyurwa n'abakiriya. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gusuzuma imikorere y'abatanga ibicuruzwa n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu:

Ihererekanya ry’ingero zisanzwe: Abatanga serivisi nziza bagomba kugira ingero zisanzwe mu bubiko zirenga 80% by’ingero zisanzwe. Ihererekanya ry’ingero ku zitari mu bubiko rigomba kuba iminsi 15-20 cyangwa munsi yayo.

Inzira yo Gutanga Icyitegererezo Gitandukanye: Inzira yo kuva ku kwemeza icyifuzo kugeza ku gutanga ibicuruzwa byinshi igomba kuba iminsi 45-60 cyangwa munsi yayo, ifite igihe gisobanutse neza kuri buri cyiciro (urugero: iminsi 7 yo gushushanya, iminsi 30 yo gukora, iminsi 5 yo gupima, n'iminsi 3 yo gutwara ibintu). Amasezerano yo kwishyura gutinda gutanga ibicuruzwa agomba gusinywa (ubusanzwe, indishyi ya 0.5%-1% ku gutinda kwa buri munsi ni 0.5%-1% by'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa).

Inkunga ku bikoresho no kubika ibicuruzwa: Abatanga ibicuruzwa bagomba kuba bafite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa no kubikwirakwiza ku isi, batanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa, harimo gutwara ibintu mu mazi, mu kirere no mu butaka, ndetse n'ubufatanye n'ibigo bizwi cyane mu gutwara ibicuruzwa (urugero: Tugomba kugira ubufatanye bw'igihe kirekire n'ibigo bikomeye mu gutwara ibicuruzwa (nka DHL, FedEx, na Maersk) kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bigerweho ku gihe mu bice byose by'isi; ariko nanone, tugomba gushyigikira ibyo abaguzi bakeneye mu bubiko bwabo (nko gushyiraho ububiko mu mahanga mu Burayi no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika) kugira ngo bagabanye igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa ku bakiriya bo hasi.

3. Imicungire y'Uruhererekane rw'Ibicuruzwa n'Ubushobozi bwo Guhangana n'Ingaruka

Imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa ku isi ihura n'ihindagurika rikabije (nk'izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo n'ihungabana ry'ibicuruzwa). Ubushobozi bw'umucuruzi mu gucunga imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa ni bwo bugena mu buryo butaziguye umutekano w'ubufatanye:

Kugenzura imiyoboro y’isoko ry’ibice by’ingenzi by’umucuruzi: niba bakoresha amasoko atandukanye (urugero: moteri za servo zifite nibura abatanga ibicuruzwa bibiri by’ingenzi) kugira ngo hirindwe ibyago byo kubura isoko riturutse ku muyoboro umwe;

Sobanukirwa uburyo bwo kugenzura ibiciro n'ibiciro: niba barashyizeho uburyo bwo kuburira hakiri kare ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo (urugero, kuganira vuba n'umuguzi ku ihinduka ry'ibiciro mu gihe igiciro cy'ibikoresho fatizo by'ingenzi cyiyongereyeho ibirenze 10%), kandi niba ibiciro bisobanutse neza (urugero, gutanga isesengura rirambuye ry'imiterere y'ibiciro, urugero, ibikoresho fatizo (60%), umusaruro n'uburyo bwo gutunganya (20%), n'inyungu (20%));

Gusuzuma gahunda zo guhangana n’ingaruka: Gusaba abatanga serivisi gutanga gahunda zo guhangana n’ihungabana ry’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho (urugero, niba bafite ishingiro ry’umusaruro mu gihe umusaruro uhagaze bitewe n’icyorezo cyangwa ibiza; niba bafite izindi nzira zo gutwara abantu mu gihe habayeho ihungabana ry’ibikoresho). Bagomba kandi gutanga amateka yo guhangana neza n’ibibazo by’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho (urugero, niba barashoboye kwemeza ko ibirenze 70% by’ibyo batumije bitangwa ku gihe mu gihe cy’umuvuduko w’ibikoresho ku isi mu 2022).

Icya gatatu, kugenzura ubuziranenge: Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kugabanya ingaruka zo gutanga amasoko.

Roboti za Servo ni ibikoresho by’inganda bifite agaciro kanini. Ibibazo byose by’ubuziranenge bishobora gutuma imiyoboro y’umusaruro w’abakiriya ihagarara, bigatera igihombo gikomeye mu by’imari n’ingaruka mbi ku muguzi. Kubwibyo, sisitemu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’umucuruzi ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’isuzuma, hibandwa ku "igenzura ry’ubuziranenge ryuzuye" no "kugenzura ubuziranenge nyuma yo kugurisha":

1. Sisitemu y'igenzura ry'ubuziranenge ryuzuye

Abatanga ibicuruzwa bafite ubuziranenge bagomba gushyiraho uburyo burambuye bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge, kuva ku bikoresho fatizo byinjira kugeza ku bicuruzwa byarangiye koherezwa, kugira ngo buri gikoresho cyose cyujuje ibisabwa:

Igenzura ry’ibikoresho fatizo bije (IQC): Kugenzura ko umucuruzi akora igenzura ry’ibice by’ingenzi 100% (nk’ibinyabiziga bya servo, imashini zigenzura, n’imashini ziyobora). Ibintu bigenzura birimo kugenzura imikorere, isuzuma ry’imikorere (nk’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi udatwara moteri n’umuvuduko w’igenzura ry’ibinyabiziga), no kugenzura inyandiko zemeza ko ari ngombwa. Igipimo cyo kugarura ibintu bidahuye n’ibyo byakoreshejwe kigomba kuba ≤ 0.5%;

Igenzura ry’ubuziranenge mu gihe cyo gukora (IPQC): Shyiraho utuzu two kugenzura ubuziranenge mu byiciro by’ingenzi by’umusaruro (nk’itsinda ry’ibikoresho, gusudira uruziga, no gukemura ibibazo bya porogaramu). Igipimo cyo gupima kuri buri tuzu kigomba kuba ≥ 10%, kandi ibikoresho byo gupima byikora (nk’utuzu two gupima hakoreshejwe laser kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gushyiramo neza no gupima vibration kugira ngo imikorere ikomeze) bigomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo bigabanye amakosa yo kugenzura hakoreshejwe intoki;

Isuzuma ry’ibicuruzwa byarangiye (OQC): Buri gikoresho gikorerwa isuzuma ryuzuye ry’imikorere mbere yo koherezwa, harimo no gukomeza gukora amasaha 24. Raporo y’igenzura ry’uruganda ishobora gutangwa gusa nyuma y’uko ibicuruzwa bitsinze ibizamini bikurikira: imikorere 100% nta ngorane, isuzuma ry’imizigo (amasaha 8 yo gukora ku muzigo ntarengwa), n’isuzuma ry’uburyo ibidukikije bihagaze neza (nk’uburyo imikorere ihagaze neza ku bushyuhe buri hejuru bwa 40°C n’ubushyuhe buri hasi bwa -10°C). Igipimo cyo gutsinda kigomba kugera kuri 100%.

2. Gukemura ibibazo by'ubuziranenge no kubikurikirana

Ndetse n'abatanga ibicuruzwa bafite ubuziranenge buhanitse bashobora guhura n'ibibazo by'ubuziranenge. Uburyo bwo kubikoresha neza no kubikurikirana bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku kugenzura igihombo cy'umuguzi:

Umuvuduko wo Gusubiza Ibibazo by'Ubuziranenge: Abatanga serivisi basabwa kwiyemeza gusubiza ibibazo by'ubuziranenge mu masaha 24 no gutanga ibisubizo (nk'ibijyanye no gukemura ikibazo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya kure, gusimbuza ibice, cyangwa gusubiza ibikoresho byose) mu masaha 48. Ibibazo by'ingenzi by'ubuziranenge (nk'ikosa rya batch) bisaba kohereza injeniyeri aho zikorera (zihagera mu masaha 48 imbere mu gihugu no mu masaha 72 mu mahanga).

Sisitemu yo Gukurikirana Ibicuruzwa: Abatanga ibicuruzwa bagomba gushyiraho sisitemu yuzuye yo gukurikirana ibicuruzwa ikoresha nimero z'ibikoresho kugira ngo igaruke ku bikoresho fatizo, amatsinda y'ababitunganya, abakozi bashinzwe kugenzura, n'amatariki y'uruganda. Ibi byoroshya kumenya vuba impamvu nyamukuru z'ibibazo by'ubuziranenge kandi bikarinda ko bigaruka.

Uburyo bwo kunoza ubuziranenge: Abatanga serivisi bagomba gukora inama zo gusesengura ubuziranenge buri gihe, gutegura ingamba zo kunoza (nk'uburyo bwo kunoza inzira zo gukora cyangwa guhindura abatanga ibikoresho) hashingiwe ku bitekerezo by'abakiriya, no gutanga raporo zo kunoza ubuziranenge (nk'ibipimo bya buri kwezi by'ubuziranenge n'amakuru ku kugabanuka kw'ibipimo byangiritse nyuma yo kunoza) kugira ngo hakomeze kunozwa ubuziranenge.

3. Politiki ya garanti na serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha

Imashini zikoresha Servo ziramba, kandi politiki y'ubwishingizi bw'utanga serivisi n'ubushobozi bwo gutanga serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha bigira ingaruka ku giciro cy'igihe kirekire cyo gukoresha ibikoresho:
Igihe cy'ingwate: Moderi zisanzwe zigomba kugira igihe cy'ingwate cy'amezi 12-24 cyangwa arenga, mu gihe ibice by'ingenzi (nk'imashini zikoresha servo na controllers) zigomba kugira igihe cy'ingwate cy'amezi 36 cyangwa arenga. Abatanga serivisi bafite igihe cy'ingwate kirenze impuzandengo y'inganda (ubusanzwe amezi 12) baba bafite amahirwe yo guhangana.
Ibikubiye muri serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha: Niba amahugurwa ya tekiniki y'ubuntu (nk'amahugurwa yo gukoresha no kubungabunga ibikoresho ku baguzi n'abakiriya bo hasi) atangwa; serivisi zo kugenzura buri gihe (nk'igenzura ry'aho bakorera buri mezi atandatu kugira ngo hamenyekane amakosa ashobora kubaho); n'ubufasha mu by'inyongera (nk'itangwa ry'inyongera ku buntu mu gihe cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo cy'igihe abakiriya batagikora).
Umuyoboro wa Serivisi Mpuzamahanga: Ku baguzi bagurisha ibicuruzwa ku bucuruzi bwinshi, abatanga serivisi bagomba kuba bafite ubushobozi bwo gutanga serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha ibicuruzwa ku rwego rw'isi no gushyiraho ibigo byemewe cyangwa abatanga serivisi mu masoko y'ingenzi (nk'i Burayi, Amerika ya Ruguru, na Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba) kugira ngo abakiriya bo mu gace batuyemo babone ubufasha bwa tekiniki na serivisi zo gusana ibicuruzwa vuba.

Icya kane, Guhuza imikoranire: "Intego y'inyongera" yo guhuza n'ibikenewe mu kugura ibintu byinshi

Uburyo bw'ubucuruzi bw'abaguzi bagura ibintu byinshi burangwa no kugura ibintu byinshi, ibikenewe bitandukanye, n'ubufatanye bw'igihe kirekire. Politiki y'ubufatanye bw'abatanga ibicuruzwa n'ubworoherane bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza y'ubufatanye n'inyungu. Ibi bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cy'isuzuma:

1. Ingano y'ibicuruzwa n'ingamba zo kugena ibiciro

Inyungu nyamukuru yo kugura ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa bulk bulk ni "guhuza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa bulk bulk." Ingamba z'ibiciro by'umucuruzi zigomba kuba zujuje ibisabwa mu kugura ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa bulk bulk:

Ibisabwa ku giciro gito cya oda: Ingano nto ya oda ku bikoresho bisanzwe igomba kuba ≤10 (kugira ngo abaguzi borohereze abaguzi gutumiza ibikoresho bito); Ingano nto ya oda ku bikoresho byihariye igomba kuba ≤5 (kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi cyo kugerageza no gukora amakosa mu guhindura ibintu);

Politiki yo kugabanyirizwa ku bwinshi: Ibiciro by'igabanyirizwa ku bwinshi bigomba gutangwa (urugero: kugabanyirizwa 10% ku kugura ibikoresho 50 cyangwa birenga, kugabanyirizwa 15% ku kugura ibikoresho 100 cyangwa birenga). Kugabanyirizwa ku bwinshi bigomba kuba biri hejuru y'ibitangwa binyuze mu nzira z'ubucuruzi (ubusanzwe, kugabanyirizwa ku bwinshi biri munsi ya 15%-30% ku giciro cy'ubucuruzi);

Ibiciro by'igihe kirekire: Ku bicuruzwa bya buri mwaka (urugero, ibyo gutumiza buri mwaka by'ibikoresho 1,000 cyangwa birenga), abatanga ibicuruzwa bagomba gutanga politiki y'ibiciro bidafunze (urugero, ihindagurika ry'ibiciro ritarenze 5% mu mwaka) kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo byiyongera bitewe n'izamuka ry'ibiciro byo kugura.

2. Uburyo bwo kwishyura n'amabwiriza agenga konti

Uburyo bwo kwishyura buhindagurika hamwe n'amabwiriza y'ibaruramari bishobora kugabanya neza igitutu cy'amafaranga abaguzi bafite no kongera ubushake bwabo bwo gukorana:
Uburyo bwo kwishyura: Dushyigikira uburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyura mpuzamahanga, harimo kohereza amafaranga kuri Telegraphic (T/T), ibaruwa y'inguzanyo (L/C), n'inyandiko zirwanya kwishyura (D/P). Igipimo cy'ubwishyu bw'ibanze kigomba kuba ≤30% (igipimo rusange cy'inganda ni 30% by'ubwishyu bw'ibanze + 70% by'ubwishyu bwa nyuma). Kwishyura bwa nyuma bishobora kumvikana nyuma yuko ibicuruzwa bigenzuwe kandi byemerwa.
Amategeko agenga konti: Ku baguzi b'igihe kirekire kandi bafite inguzanyo, abatanga serivisi bagomba gutanga amasezerano y'ibaruramari akwiye (urugero, 30% by'amafaranga yo kwishyura mbere yo kohereza + 30% mbere yo kubikuza + 40% nyuma yo kubigenzura).
Politiki yo Kugura Ingero: Dushyigikira kugura ingero ntoya (urugero, ibice 1-2), ibiciro by'ingero bitarenze 110% by'icyitegererezo gisanzwe. Igihe cyo gukora ingero zatumijwe kigomba kuba iminsi ≤7, bigatuma abaguzi bashobora gusuzuma vuba imikorere y'ibicuruzwa.

3. Gutanga impushya ku kirango no kurengera isoko

Abaguzi bagura ibicuruzwa byinshi bakunze gushaka uburenganzira bwihariye cyangwa ubw’akarere kugira ngo birinde ipiganwa ritari ryiza. Politiki y’umucuruzi yo kurengera isoko ni ingenzi cyane:

Icyitegererezo cy’Uruhushya: Niba ari ugutanga uburenganzira bw’ikigo cyihariye mu karere (urugero, kwemerera umuguzi kuba umucuruzi wihariye mu gihugu cyangwa mu karere) cyangwa uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ikirango (bwemerera umuguzi gukoresha ikirango cy’umucuruzi ku bikoresho byo gupakira no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa);

Kurinda Ibiciro: Abatanga ibicuruzwa bagomba gushyiraho igiciro kimwe ku isoko, kubuza ibiciro kugabanuka, no kurinda inyungu z'abaguzi. Niba basanze ibiciro bidahagije binyuze mu zindi nzira, bagomba kwihutira gutabara no kwishyura abaguzi igihombo cyabo;

Kurinda Umutungo w'Abakiriya: Abatanga serivisi bagomba kwiyemeza kudahuza n'abakiriya bo mu gace k'ubukerarugendo bazanywe n'abaguzi, birinda ko ibikorwa binyuranya n'umuguzi kandi bigatuma umuguzi abona gusa umutungo w'abakiriya.

Icya gatanu: Izina ry'ikigo n'ubushobozi bw'ubufatanye bw'igihe kirekire

Gutanga serivisi zo kugura roboti za Servo ni ubufatanye bw'igihe kirekire. Izina ry'ikigo cy'utanga serivisi n'ubushobozi bwo gutera imbere ni byo bigena uburyo ubufatanye buhamye kandi burambye. Mu isuzuma, ibintu bibiri by'impamyabushobozi z'ikigo n'ubufatanye bigomba kwemezwa:

1. Ibisabwa ku kigo n'ihindagurika ry'imari

Ingano y'umutanga serivisi n'uko imari ye ihagaze ni byo shingiro ry'ubufatanye bw'igihe kirekire:

Imyaka y’ubucuruzi: Shyira imbere abatanga serivisi bafite imyaka irenga itanu y’ubucuruzi (bafite uburambe bwinshi mu nganda kandi bahangana n’ibibazo), kandi igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’inyungu zabo mu myaka itatu ishize kigomba kuba ≥15% (bigaragaza icyiciro cy’ubwiyongere).

Imiterere y'imari: Gusaba abatanga serivisi gutanga raporo z'imari (nk'amabaruwa y'imari n'amakuru y'inyungu) mu myaka ibiri ishize. Kugenzura ikigereranyo cy'umwenda ku mutungo (kigomba kuba ≤60%) n'ikigereranyo cy'ubu (kigomba kuba ≥1.5). Irinde ubufatanye n'ibigo bifite ibyago byinshi by'imari.

Izina ry’Inganda: Suzuma ibitekerezo by’abakiriya b’utanga ibicuruzwa ku mbuga za gatatu (nka Alibaba International Station na Made-in-China.com), cyangwa uganire n’amashyirahamwe y’inganda n’abaguzi bagenzi bawe kugira ngo umenye niba bafite amateka y’ubufatanye bubi (nk’ubutinda bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa kwanga gutanga serivisi zo gusana nyuma yo kugurisha).

2. Igenamigambi ry'Ubufatanye bw'Igihe Kirekire n'Ubushobozi bwo Gukorana

Abatanga serivisi nziza bagomba kubona abaguzi nk'abafatanyabikorwa, atari abakiriya gusa, kandi bagafata ingamba zo guteza imbere ubufatanye:

Igenamigambi ry'ubufatanye: Ese abatanga ibicuruzwa biteguye gukorana n'abaguzi kugira ngo bategure gahunda z'iterambere ry'igihe kirekire (urugero, gushyira mu bikorwa ububiko bwo mu mahanga no guhindura ubushobozi bw'umusaruro hashingiwe kuri gahunda zo kwagura isoko ry'umuguzi)?

Gusangira Ikoranabuhanga: Ese abatanga serivisi biteguye guha abaguzi amahugurwa ya tekiniki, ibitabo by'amabwiriza y'ibicuruzwa, ibishushanyo mbonera by'ibisanwa, n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo bibafashe kunoza ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutanga serivisi za tekiniki?

Inkunga ku isoko: Ese abatanga serivisi biteguye gutanga inkunga yo kwamamaza (urugero, kwitabira hamwe imurikagurisha ry’inganda, gutanga ibikoresho byo kwamamaza, no gufasha mu gutegura gahunda zo kwamamaza) kugira ngo bafashe abaguzi kwaguka bakajya mu masoko yo hasi?

Umwanzuro: Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusuzuma bunoze kugira ngo habeho ubufatanye hagati y’abantu bose

Ku baguzi bo ku rwego rw'isi bagurisha ibintu byinshi, guhitamo roboti ya servo Abatanga serivisi bakeneye ibirenze "kugereranya ibiciro" mu buryo bumwe; ahubwo, bikubiyemo isuzuma rihamye rikubiyemo ikoranabuhanga, umusaruro, ubwiza, serivisi, n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukorana. Bakoresheje ibipimo bitanu by'ingenzi bivugwa muri iyi ngingo (ingufu za tekiniki, ubushobozi bwo gukora, kugenzura ubuziranenge, ubworoherane mu gukorana, n'izina ry'ikigo), abaguzi bashobora gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusuzuma busobanutse, kumenya neza abatanga serivisi nziza, no kugabanya ibyago byo gutanga amasoko. Muri icyo gihe, umubano mwiza hagati y'abatanga serivisi ni ibiri: abaguzi bagomba gusobanura neza ibyo bakeneye (nk'inganda zigamije, ingano y'itsinda, n'ibisabwa mu guhindura ibiciro) no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutumanaho busobanutse n'abatanga serivisi kugira ngo bafatanye gukemura ibibazo bikomoka ku bufatanye....