Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki n'ibyo ugomba kwitaho mu kugura roboti za Servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu

Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki n'ibyo ugomba kwitaho mu kugura roboti za Servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu

Mu rwego rwo kwihutisha imikorere y’inganda, robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo gushyira ibintu mu buryo buboneye, imikorere myiza, no guhinduka mu buryo bworoshye, byabaye ingirakamaro mu nganda nyinshi, harimo n'inganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibice by'imodoka, n'ibikoresho byo gupakira. Ku baguzi mpuzamahanga, bahuye n'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye n'ibisobanuro bitandukanye ku isoko, gusuzuma neza ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki no guhitamo ibikoresho bihuye n'ibyo bakeneye mu musaruro wabo mu gihe bahuza uburyo bwo gukoresha neza ikiguzi n'ubwizerwe ni ingenzi mu kunoza inzira zo gukora no kugera ku nyungu z'igihe kirekire ku ishoramari. Iyi nkuru izatanga isesengura ryimbitse ry'ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki bya robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu kandi isangire ibitekerezo bifatika byo kugura kugira ngo bitange icyitegererezo ku baguzi mpuzamahanga.

I. Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere: "Imbaraga zikomeye" zigena imikorere myiza n'ubuziranenge

Ibipimo by'imikorere y'ibanze ni "ubugingo" bwa roboti ya servo ifite imirongo itatu, ikagena mu buryo butaziguye niba ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gukora nk'ubuhanga n'umuvuduko, kandi ni byo bipimo by'ibanze byo gusuzuma mu gihe cyo kugura.

(I) Gushyira mu mwanya ukuri no gusubiramo

Ubunyangamugayo bwo gushyira ahantu hamwe busobanura itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibipimo nyabyo bya Robot's effector' iyo igeze ku mwanya runaka w'intego n'aho ihurira mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, ubusanzwe ipimwa muri milimetero (mm) cyangwa mikoroni (μm). Gusubiramo bivuga urwego rw'ikwirakwira mu mwanya w'intego iyo robot igeze ku mwanya umwe w'intego. Ibi bipimo bibiri ni ingenzi mu gupima uburyo robo ikora neza kandi ni ingenzi cyane mu bikorwa bisaba ubuziranenge buhanitse cyane, nko guteranya ibice by'ikoranabuhanga no gusudira neza.

Muri rusange, robots za servo zifite imiterere itatu zishobora kugera ku bushobozi bwo gusubiramo bwa ± 0.01mm, mu gihe ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byo mu rwego rw'inganda akenshi biri hagati ya ± 0.05mm na ± 0.1mm. Mu kugura, tekereza ku bisabwa mu buryo bwihariye. Urugero, mu bikorwa byo gupakira chips, ibicuruzwa bifite ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo bwa ≤± 0.02mm birakundwa; mu bikorwa bisanzwe byo gufata mu gasanduku, ubwiza bwa ± 0.1mm burahagije. Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa kumenya ibisabwa kugira ngo bigerweho. Bamwe mu bakora bagaragaza ubwiza mu gihe "nta mubare w'ibikoresho biremereye," ariko ubwiza bushobora kugabanuka mu gihe cy'umutwaro nyawo. Kubwibyo, abatanga serivisi bagomba gusabwa gutanga amakuru nyayo yapimwe munsi y'umutwaro.

(II) Umuvuduko w'imikorere n'umuvuduko

Umuvuduko wo gukora ukubiyemo umuvuduko ntarengwa w’imikorere ya buri ruhande hamwe n’umuvuduko uhuriweho w’itsinda rikora. Kwihuta bigaragaza ubushobozi bwa roboti bwo kuva aho ihagaze ikagera ku muvuduko ntarengwa cyangwa ibinyuranye n’ibyo. Ibi bintu bibiri hamwe bigena imikorere myiza ya roboti. Mu mikorere myinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi no kwihuta bivuze ko igihe cyo gukora kigufi, ibyo bikaba byongera umusaruro w’umurongo w’umusaruro.

Ibisabwa ku muvuduko w'imirongo itandukanye bigomba guhuzwa neza hashingiwe ku nzira y'imikorere. Urugero, X-axis (itambitse) isanzwe ikora imirimo yo gutwara abantu intera ndende kandi isaba umuvuduko mwinshi ntarengwa; Z-axis (itambitse) ikunze kugira uruhare mu bikorwa byo gutora no gushyiramo ibintu neza kandi isaba kwihuta guhamye. Mu gihe uguze, irinde gukurikirana "umuvuduko mwinshi" utabizi ahubwo usuzume neza urwego rw'imikorere. Niba urwego ari rugufi, umuvuduko mwinshi cyane ushobora gutuma roboti yihuta kandi ikagabanuka kenshi, bigagira ingaruka mbi ku musaruro n'ubuzima bw'ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, hakwiye kwitabwaho ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho bwo kugenzura imitingito mu gihe cy'imikorere y'umuvuduko mwinshi. Imitingito myinshi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ishyirwa mu mwanya wayo neza kandi ishobora no kongera kwangirika kw'ibice bya mekanike.

(III) Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo

Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo busobanura uburemere ntarengwa igikoresho cya robo gishobora gutwara, harimo uburemere bw'icyuma gifata imizigo, igikoresho cyo gukora, n'ibindi bikoresho. Ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara imizigo bushobora gutuma umuvuduko n'ubuziranenge bigabanuka, ndetse bigatera no kunanirwa nko kurenza moteri no guhindura imikorere y'imashini. Ubushobozi bukabije bwo gutwara imizigo, ku rundi ruhande, bushobora gutuma ibikoresho bikenerwa bikenerwa cyane, ikiguzi cyo kugura no gukoresha ingufu cyiyongera.

Mu gihe uguze, ni ngombwa kubara neza umutwaro nyakuri: banza umenye uburemere ntarengwa bw'igikoresho, hanyuma uhitemo icyuma gikwiye (urugero: icyuma gikoresha umwuka, icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi, nibindi) ukurikije ibisabwa mu kazi. Gerageza kubara uburemere bw'icyuma gikoresha icyuma n'ibikoresho bifatanye nacyo (urugero: sensors, vacuum cups), kandi wemere ko 10%-20% by'umutekano bishingira ku ihindagurika ry'umutwaro ritunguranye. Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa kumenya isano iri hagati y'ubushobozi bw'umutwaro n'umuvuduko wo gukora. Umuvuduko ntarengwa wa robo imwe munsi y'imitwaro itandukanye uratandukana. Uko umutwaro uba munini, niko umuvuduko wo hejuru uba muke. Abatanga serivisi bakunze gutanga "umuvuduko wo gutwara imizigo", ushobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura niba ibikoresho bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gihe cyo kugura.

II. Ibipimo by'uko ibikoresho bihuye: Gushyira hamwe neza ibikoresho n'ibipimo by'umusaruro

Kuba servo robot ifite umurongo wa gatatu igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bushobozi bwayo bwo kwinjira mu mishinga isanzwe ikora, bikagabanya ishoramari ryo kongera gukora no gutuma itangira gukora vuba. Iki ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwitaho mu gihe cyo kugura.

(I) Inzira z'ingendo

Intera y'ingendo yerekeza ku ntera ntarengwa kuri buri murongo w'inzira Igikapu cya Robot kugenda, bigena urwego rw'aho ikorera. Intera y'ingendo ya roboti ya servo ifite imirongo itatu ikunze kugaragazwa nk'intera ntarengwa y'ingendo za X-axis (itambitse), Y-axis (ihagaze), na Z-axis (ihagaze). Mu kugura, intera y'ingendo igomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku bintu nk'imiterere y'aho ibikoresho bikorerwa, intera yo gukoresha ibikoresho, n'umwanya wo gushyiramo ibikoresho. Urugero, mu gukora hagati y'impande ebyiri z'umurongo w'inkunga, ingendo za X-axis zigomba gutwikira ubugari bw'umurongo n'intera y'inyuma y'igikoresho gikorerwamo. Mu gupakira ibikoresho mu byiciro byinshi, ingendo za Z-axis zigomba kuzuza uburebure bw'aho ibikoresho bikorerwa n'uburebure busabwa kugira ngo bikoreshwe kandi bipakururwe. Ingendo zidahagije zibuza roboti gutwikira neza ahantu hose ho gukorera; ingendo nyinshi zyongera igiciro cy'ibikoresho n'ibiciro byo kugura. Ni byiza gushushanya imiterere irambuye y'aho gukorera mbere yo kugura, usobanura neza ingendo nke zisabwa kuri buri murongo kandi wemerera ingano ihagije yo guhindura kugira ngo ihuze no gutunganya umurongo w'ibikorwa.

(II) Uburyo bwo gushyiraho n'ingano y'umwanya

Roboti za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu zishobora gushyirwaho mu buryo butatu bw'ingenzi: hasi, hejuru, no mu gitereko. Ibisabwa kuri buri gitereko biratandukanye cyane. Gushyiraho hasi bisaba umwanya wo hasi ariko bitanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bwinshi. Gushyiraho ku rukuta no mu gitereko bibungabunga umwanya wo hasi kandi bikwiranye n'udukoresho duto, ariko bisaba ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bwinshi ku rukuta cyangwa ku gisenge. Mu kugura, ni ngombwa kubanza gusobanura imbogamizi z'aho giterekwa: harimo ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bw'ubutaka/urukuta/igisenge, uburebure, ubugari, n'uburebure bw'aho giterekwa, hamwe n'imiterere y'ibikoresho bikikije (nk'ibikoresho by'imashini n'ibikoresho bitwara imizigo). Nanone, witondere ingano ya roboti, cyane cyane iyo ikorera ahantu hafunganye. Ibi birimo umurambararo w'urukuta rwa roboti n'umwanya ntarengwa ukoreshwa na buri murambararo iyo wagutse kandi usubira inyuma. Menya neza ko ibikoresho bitazahura n'ibintu bikikije mu gihe cyo gukora. Ni byiza gusaba icyitegererezo cya 3D cyangwa ibishushanyo birambuye by'ibikoresho ku mucuruzi, no gukora igenzura ryifashishijwe mu buryo bwa simulation hashingiwe ku hantu hakorerwa.

(III) Interineti y'ingaruka z'iherezo

Imashini ikora ku iherezo (gripper, suction cup, nibindi) ni igice cy’iyi robo ikora ku gice cy’akazi. Uburyo bwo gukora ku buryo butandukanye no guhuza neza imiterere yayo ni byo bigaragaza niba ibikoresho bishobora kwakira ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibikoresho bikora ku iherezo kandi bikujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye mu mikorere. Ubwoko busanzwe bw’ibikoresho birimo flange zisanzwe, pneumatic interfaces, na electron interfaces. Flanges zisanzwe (nk'imashini zikora ku ruhu za ISO) ni zo zikunze gukoreshwa bitewe n’uburyo zihinduka. Mu gihe uguze, menya neza ibisabwa ku miterere, nk'umurambararo wa flange, aho umwobo ushyirwa, no kumenya ingano y'agapira, kugira ngo umenye neza ko bihuye n'ibikoresho bihari cyangwa biteganyijwe. Niba hakenewe impinduka nyinshi ku miterere mu gihe cyo gukora (urugero, iyo utunganya imiterere itandukanye y'ibikoresho), ubushobozi bwa mudasobwa bwo guhindura vuba moderi nabwo ni ingenzi. Ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bifite sisitemu yo guhindura ibikoresho byikora, bishobora kugabanya cyane igihe cyo guhindura. Byongeye kandi, tekereza ku bushobozi bwa mudasobwa bwo gutwara imizigo kugira ngo umenye neza ko ishobora gushyigikira uburemere buhamye bw'igikoresho n'ibikoresho bikora ku ruhu.

III. Kwizerwa no Guhagarara: "Ibuye ry'imfuruka" ry'imikorere irambye

Umusaruro w’inganda usaba ibikoresho byinshi cyane kugira ngo bikomeze gukoreshwa. Kuba imikorere ya roboti ya servo ifite umurongo wa gatatu ikora neza kandi ihamye bigira ingaruka ku gihe cyo gukora no ku ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga, kandi ni ingenzi cyane mu kugena uburyo ibikoresho bizakoresha mu gihe kirekire.

(I) Imiterere ya sisitemu ya Servo

Sisitemu ya servo ni "ishingiro ry'ingufu" rya roboti ya servo ifite imirongo itatu, igizwe na moteri ya servo, servo drive, na encoder. Imikorere yayo igena neza imikorere ya roboti, umuvuduko, n'ubudahangarwa. Mu gihe uguze, shyira imbaraga za moteri ya servo na torque, umuvuduko w'igisubizo cya servo drive n'iyangwa ry'ingaruka, hamwe n'ubudahangarwa bw'encoder (bugena ubudahangarwa bw'aho ihagaze). Ibirango by'ingenzi bya moteri za servo nka Panasonic, Mitsubishi, na Siemens bitanga icyizere cy'ubudahangarwa n'ubudahangarwa. Ubusanzwe ubudahangarwa bw'encoder bugaragara mu mirongo; uko umubare w'imirongo uba munini, niko aho ihagaze haba ari heza. Robots zo mu nganda ubusanzwe bakoresha encoders zifite imirongo 1000 cyangwa irenga, mu gihe porogaramu zinoze cyane zisaba encoders zifite imirongo 2000 cyangwa irenga. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kwemeza niba sisitemu ya servo ifite uburyo bwo kurinda umuvuduko mwinshi, amashanyarazi menshi, n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, kuko ibi bishobora kugabanya neza ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho.

(II) Imiterere n'ibikoresho bya mekanike

Imiterere y'imiterere y'imashini n'uburyo ibikoresho bikoreshwa bigira ingaruka ku gukomera, kudashira kw'imashini, ndetse n'igihe ikora. Imiterere y'imashini y'imashini roboti ya servo ifite axis eshatu Ahanini harimo ibice nka literal guides, vis z'umupira, n'udupfunyika. Linear guides na vis z'umupira ni ibice by'ingenzi byo kohereza, kandi ubwiza bwabyo n'ubudahangarwa bwabyo bigena neza imikorere ya roboti n'igihe ikora. Mu gihe uguze, witondere ubwoko bw'umurongo ngenderwaho (nk'udupfunyika cyangwa vis z'udupfunyika, iyi yo itanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bwinshi) n'urwego rwayo rw'ubuziranenge; urwego rw'umugozi w'umupira (bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'imikorere), urugero rwayo rw'ubuziranenge, n'uko ifite uburyo bwo kuyishyiramo mbere (bukuraho imivuduko y'inyuma kandi bugatuma ikomera). Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho, ibice bitwara imizigo nk'udupfunyika bigomba gukorwa mu cyuma gikomeye cya aluminiyumu cyangwa icyuma, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuvura ubuso nko gusiga no kuzimya kugira ngo byongere ingese no kudashira. Nanone, reba neza imiterere y'ibice bya mekanike, nko kuba imiterere y'imirongo igororotse n'uburyo ihagaze. Ubuziranenge budahagije bwo guteranya bushobora gutuma habaho gutinda gukora, kugabanuka kw'ubuziranenge, no kwiyongera kw'ubudahangarwa bw'ibice.

(III) Igihe cy'ubuziranenge hagati y'ibyananiranye (MTBF) n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kubungabunga

Igihe cy'ubusa hagati y'ibitaragenze neza (MTBF) ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'ubwirinzi bw'ibikoresho, ubusanzwe bigaragazwa mu masaha. Agaciro ko hejuru kerekana amahirwe make yo gutsindwa. Roboti nini za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu zikunze kugira MTBF y'amasaha arenga 10.000, hamwe n'ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigera ku masaha arenga 20.000. Mu gihe uguze, saba raporo ya MTBF ivuye ku kigo cya gatatu gishinzwe ibizamini kugira ngo wirinde kwishingikiriza gusa ku makuru yamamaza y'abakora.

Koroshya kubungabunga ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane, bikagira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza no ku giciro cyo gusana nyuma y’aho ibikoresho byangiritse. Mu gihe uguze, tekereza ku miterere y’ibikoresho byo kubungabunga ibikoresho: niba ibice by'ingenzi (nk'abayobora ibikoresho n'ibitambaro by'icyuma) byoroshye gusigwa no gusukurwa, niba hari uburyo bwo gusuzuma amakosa (kugira ngo hamenyekane aho amakosa ari), niba ibice byangiritse (nk'ibifunga n'ibyuma bikingira) byoroshye gusimburwa, ndetse niba umutanga serivisi atanga ibikoresho bihagije byo kugabanya ibisigaye. Byongeye kandi, sobanukirwa ibisabwa ku bijyanye no kubungabunga ibikoresho buri munsi (nk'igihe cyo gusiga amavuta n'inshuro zo kubisukura) kandi urebe niba akazi ko kubungabunga gahuye n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora.

IV. Ibipimo by'Ubwenge n'Ubuhanga bwo Kwaguka: "Ibushobozi" bwo Kumenyera Ivugurura ry'Umusaruro mu Gihe Gitaha

Bitewe n’iterambere rya Inganda 4.0, ubwenge no kwaguka byabaye ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cy’uko ibikoresho bihangana. Mu gihe ugura, tekereza ku bikenewe ubu ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kuvugurura mu gihe kizaza kugira ngo wirinde ko ibikoresho bizasaza vuba.

(I) Uburyo bwo kugenzura no gukoresha porogaramu

Sisitemu yo kugenzura ni "ubwonko" bwa robo, ikagena uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora no kwaguka kwayo. Sisitemu zo kugenzura zikoresha PLC cyangwa utumashini twabugenewe two kugenzura ingendo, dushyigikira igenzura ry’imirongo myinshi hamwe n’igenamigambi ritoroshye ryo kugenzura inzira (nk'ingendo iri ku murongo, izengurutse, n'ingendo zijya ku ngingo). Mu gihe uguze, tekereza niba uburyo bwo kugenzura bw’iyi sisitemu bworoshye kandi bwumvikana, niba ishyigikira indimi nyinshi (cyane cyane ku baguzi mpuzamahanga, uburyo bwo kugenzura Icyongereza ni ikintu cy’ibanze gisabwa), kandi niba ifite ubushobozi bwo kubika no kohereza amakuru (kugira ngo yorohereze uburyo bwo gukurikirana amakuru).

Uburyo bwo gukora porogaramu burimo kwigisha no gukora porogaramu hanze ya interineti. Porogaramu yo kwigisha ikwiriye inzira zoroshye zo gukora, itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyikoresha kandi nta bumenyi bwihariye bwo gukora porogaramu busaba. Porogaramu hanze ya interineti ikwiriye igenamigambi ritoroshye ryo gukora, ituma porogaramu irangizwa kuri mudasobwa kandi ikinjizwa mu bikoresho bitabangamiye imikorere y'umurongo w'ibikorwa. Niba gukora porogaramu birimo inzira nyinshi zitoroshye zo gukora, ni byiza guhitamo sisitemu yo kugenzura ishyigikira porogaramu hanze ya interineti. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kwemeza niba sisitemu yo kugenzura ishyigikira iterambere ry'inyongera kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa nyuma yo guhindura imikorere.

(II) Uburyo bwo Guhuza Itumanaho n'Ubushobozi bwo Guhuza Amakuru

Mu miyoboro y’ikoranabuhanga ikora ibintu, robots zigomba guhanahana amakuru no gukorana na PLC, sisitemu za MES, n'ibindi bikoresho byikora. Kubwibyo, ubwiza n'ubuhanga bw'imiyoboro y'itumanaho ni ingenzi cyane. Imiyoboro isanzwe y'itumanaho irimo Ethernet (protocole za Ethernet z'inganda nka EtherNet / IP na Profinet), RS485, na I / O. Mu gihe uguze, menya neza niba imiyoboro y'itumanaho y'ibikoresho ihuye na sisitemu yo kugenzura umurongo w'ibikorwa usanzweho. Urugero, niba umurongo w'ibikorwa ukoresha Siemens PLC, menya neza ko robots zishyigikira protocole ya Profinet. Nanone, menya neza ko ihererekanya ry'amakuru rikorwa mu buryo nyabwo kandi buhamye. Imikorere idahagije mu gihe nyacyo ishobora gutuma habaho gutinda mu guhuza ibikoresho, bigagira ingaruka ku musaruro. Ku bigo biteganya kubaka interineti y'inganda, ni ngombwa kandi kwemeza niba ibikoresho bishyigikira ibintu nka OTA (kuvugurura mu kirere) no kugenzura kure, bigatuma imikorere, kubungabunga, no gucunga kure.

(III) Uburyo bwo gupima imikorere

Ibikenewe mu musaruro bishobora guhinduka bitewe n’uko isoko rihagaze, kandi ubushobozi bwo kwagura imikorere ya robo bugena uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa byayo n’ivugurura ry’umusaruro mu gihe kizaza. Mu gihe uguze, tekereza niba ibikoresho bishyigikira uburyo bwo kugenzura uruziga (urugero, niba bigomba kwaguka bikagera kuri robo ifite uruziga rune cyangwa rutandatu), niba bishobora guhinduka hakurikijwe uburyo bwo kureba (kugira ngo hamenyekane neza imikorere n’aho iherereye), hamwe na sisitemu yo gusubiza ibibazo (kugira ngo hakorwe neza ibikorwa byo guteranya).

Nanone, emeza niba ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo n'intera y'ingendo byemerera kuvugurura. Urugero, niba agace gashobora kwagurwa no kongerwa, kandi niba sisitemu ya servo ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo igere ku mitwaro minini binyuze mu kuvugurura ibipimo. Ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo kwaguka neza bishobora kugabanya neza ikiguzi cy'ishoramari mu kuvugurura umurongo w'ibikorwa bikurikira no kongera igihe cy'ubuzima bw'ibikoresho.

VI. Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi ku birebana no gutanga amasoko: Uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo busesuye kuva ku bisabwa kugeza ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa

Intego nyamukuru yo gusobanura ibipimo bya tekiniki ni ugutanga ibitekerezo ku byemezo byo kugura. Hamwe n'ibipimo byavuzwe haruguru, inzira yo kugura igomba gukurikiza ihame ryuzuye ryo "gusobanura ibisabwa - kugereranya no guhitamo - kugenzura no kwemeza - isuzuma ryuzuye" kugira ngo harebwe ko haguzwe ibikoresho bikwiye.

(I) Sobanura neza ibyo ukeneye

Mbere yo kwegera abatanga serivisi, ugomba kubanza gusobanura ibisabwa by'ingenzi: harimo n'imiterere y'imikorere (gukora, guteranya, gusudira, nibindi), ibipimo by'imirimo (uburemere, ingano, ibikoresho), ibipimo by'ubuziranenge (uburyo bwo gushyiramo neza, gusubiramo), intego zo gukora neza (igihe cy'urugendo), imbogamizi z'umwanya wo gushyiraho, na protocole zo guhuza imirongo isanzwe ikora. Menya neza ibyo ukeneye mu bipimo byihariye kandi wirinde amagambo adasobanutse neza (nk'"ubuziranenge bwo hejuru" cyangwa "umuvuduko wihuta") kugira ngo umenye neza uko ibicuruzwa bihuye neza kandi worohereze isuzuma rijyanye n'ibyo.

(II) Kugereranya abafatanyabikorwa benshi no kugenzura aho bakorera

Shyira urutonde rw'abatanga serivisi babiri cyangwa batatu babishoboye (ibi biboneka binyuze mu imurikagurisha ry'inganda, urubuga rwa B2B rw'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga, inama z'urungano, n'izindi nzira). Saba ibisobanuro birambuye ku bicuruzwa, ibisubizo bya tekiniki, na serivisi zo gupima imiterere. Ibande ku kugereranya ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere, imiterere ya sisitemu ya servo na mekanike, hamwe n'ibipimo by'ubwizerwe nka MTBF. Witondere kandi ubunararibonye bw'umutanga serivisi mu nganda (urugero, inyigo z'ibyabaye mu nganda zisa) n'ubushobozi bwa serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha (urugero, aho serivisi ziherereye ku isoko ryihariye, igihe cyo gusubiza, igihe cy'ingwate, nibindi).

Iyo ibintu bikwemereye, menya neza ko ukorera ikizamini cy’icyitegererezo aho ukorera: kwigana uko ibintu byakozwe mu buryo bufatika, ugerageze uburyo robo ihagaze neza, umuvuduko w’imikorere, n’ubushobozi bw’umutwaro, urebe ko ibikoresho bihamye kandi bihindagurika nyuma y’igihe kirekire, kandi urebe ko sisitemu yo kugenzura yoroshye kuyikoresha. Ku bijyanye no kugura ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga, menya kandi niba ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa ku isoko ry’inganda (urugero,

icyemezo cya CE na UL) kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo bigira ingaruka ku kwemererwa n'ikoreshwa rya gasutamo.

(III) Kwibanda ku kiguzi cy'ubuzima

Amafaranga yo kugura ntabwo arimo gusa igiciro cyo kugura ibikoresho ubwabyo, ahubwo anakubiyemo ikiguzi cy’ubuzima bwose, harimo gushyiraho no gukoresha, ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi, kubungabunga no gukoresha ingufu. Urugero, bimwe mu bikoresho bishobora kugira igiciro gito cyo kugura ariko bigakoresha ibice bidasanzwe, bigatuma ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi bigorana kandi bihenze kubishakira. Ibindi bikoresho, nubwo bihenze cyane, bishobora kugira amanota menshi yo gukoresha ingufu za servo, bigatuma amashanyarazi agabanuka cyane mu gihe kirekire. Kubungabunga byoroshywa, kandi ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi biraboneka byoroshye, bigatuma ikiguzi cyo gukora ibintu bisimbura ibindi kigabanuka.

Mu gusuzuma ikiguzi, ni ngombwa kubara ikiguzi mpuzandengo cy'ishoramari ry'umwaka hashingiwe ku gihe giteganijwe cy'ibikoresho (ubusanzwe imyaka 5-10). Agaciro gasigaye k'ibikoresho (urugero, niba bishobora kongera kugurishwa cyangwa guhindurwa nyuma yo gusezera) nabyo bigomba kuganirwaho kugira ngo hagerwe ku isuzuma ryuzuye ry'uburyo ikiguzi kizaba cyiza.

(IV) Shyira imbaraga mu gutanga serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha no gutanga ubufasha mu bya tekiniki

Amayeri yo gucunga servo afite umurongo mutatu ni ibikoresho byikora neza, bisaba ubufasha bw'inzobere mu gutanga serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha kugira ngo bishyirweho, bikoreshwe, bibungabungwe, bikosorwe, kandi bivugururwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki. Mu gihe ugura, ni ngombwa gusobanura neza serivisi z'umutanga serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha: niba hatangwa serivisi ku buntu, niba amahugurwa y'abakora atangwa, igihe cy'ingwate (ibice by'ingenzi nka moteri za servo akenshi bigira garanti y'umwaka 1-2, mu gihe igice cyose gifite garanti y'amezi 6 kugeza ku mwaka 1), igihe cyo gusubiza amakosa (gisaba igisubizo mu masaha 24 na serivisi yo gukorera aho hantu mu masaha 48), kandi niba hatangwa inama z'igihe kirekire mu bya tekiniki.

Ku bijyanye no kugura ibicuruzwa mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, ni ngombwa kandi kwemeza niba umucuruzi atanga serivisi zambukiranya imipaka cyangwa niba afitanye ubufatanye n'abatanga serivisi bo mu gace runaka ku isoko ry'ubucuruzi kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho byangirika bishobora gutuma umurongo w'ibikorwa uhagarara igihe kirekire bitewe no gusana bidatinze.

Umwanzuro

Kugura robo ya servo ifite imirongo itatu ni umushinga ushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, ikiguzi na serivisi. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uguhuza neza ibyo ukeneye mu musaruro n'ibipimo bya tekiniki by'ibikoresho. Kuva ku "ngufu zikomeye" z'imikorere y'ibanze kugeza ku "guhuza" no guhinduka, kugeza ku "gukomera" kw'ubwirinzi n' "ubushobozi" bwo kwaguka, buri kimenyetso ni ingenzi ku mikorere nyayo y'ibikoresho n'agaciro k'igihe kirekire.