Akamaro n'ibiganiro ku masezerano ya serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha mugihe ugura roboti ya servo ifite amashami atanu

Akamaro n'ibiganiro by'amabwiriza ya serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha mu gihe ugura robots za Servo zifite umurongo wa gatanu

Hagati y’umuvuduko w’ivugurura ry’imikorere y’inganda, robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatanu, bitewe n'ubuhanga bwabyo bwo hejuru n'ubushobozi bwabyo bworoshye, babaye abafatanyabikorwa b'ingenzi mu musaruro mu nganda z'ikoranabuhanga za 3C, imodoka, n'iby'indege. Ku baguzi bambukiranya imipaka, imikorere n'igiciro by'ibikoresho ni byo bikunze kwibandwaho, ariko amabwiriza ya serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha—"garanti itagaragara" mu buzima bwose bw'ibikoresho—akunze kwirengagizwa.

Mu by’ukuri, robots za servo zifite amashami atanu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga cyane, zirimo ibice by’ubuhanga nk’uburyo bwa servo, sisitemu za CNC, na harmonic reducers. Byongeye kandi, kugura ibicuruzwa biva mu bihugu bitandukanye bitera imbogamizi nko guhinduranya uturere, igihe, n’ibisanzwe. Ingingo zidasobanutse neza nyuma yo kugurisha zishobora gutuma habaho igihombo mu gihe cyo kudakora neza, cyangwa ndetse no kubangamira umutuzo w’umusaruro wose. Uyu munsi, turaganira ku ngingo z’ingenzi nyuma yo kugurisha iyo ugura robots za servo zifite amashami atanu, twibanda ku kamaro kazo n’ingamba zo kuganira.

Ubwa mbere, kuki amabwiriza ya serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha kuri robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatanu "adasanzwe"?

Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bikora ikoranabuhanga, ibisabwa nyuma yo kugurisha kuri serivisi ya servo ifite amashami atanu Ukuboko kwa Robotics zirangwa n'ubugoranye bwinshi, ibisabwa bireba igihe, n'akamaro karenze imipaka. Ibi bituma amasezerano nyuma yo kugurisha aba ingenzi cyane kurusha mu itangwa ry'amasoko risanzwe:

1. Uburyohe bwinshi bw'ibikoresho, kubungabunga ibidukikije biterwa n'ubufasha bw'abahanga
Ikosa ryo gukora neza kw'imashini ya roboti ifite umurongo wa gatanu rikunze gupimwa muri mikoroni, kandi gukemura ibibazo bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi: ibibazo bishobora kuba birimo torque idasanzwe ya moteri ya servo, parameter drift muri sisitemu ya CNC, cyangwa kwangirika kw'imiterere ya mashini biganisha ku kunyura mu nzira. Ibi bibazo ntibishobora gukemurwa binyuze mu "gusana rusange" - umucuruzi agomba gutanga isuzumabumenyi ry'umwimerere, ibikoresho byihariye, n'ibisubizo byo gupima. Niba amabwiriza n'amabwiriza adasobanuye neza "inshingano z'ibanze zo gushyigikira," abaguzi bashobora guhura n'ikibazo cyo "kutagira serivisi zo gusana." Urugero, uruganda rukora ibice by'imodoka rwaguze imashini ifite umurongo wa gatanu. Kubera ko amabwiriza n'amabwiriza nyuma yo kugurisha atagaragaje "inshingano zo gupima neza," ibikoresho byagize ikosa rya 0.05mm nyuma y'amezi atandatu y'imikorere. Umucuruzi yanze gukora isuzuma ry'ubuntu, avuga ko "imikorere idakwiye." Amaherezo umuguzi yinjije andi mayuan 120.000 mu mafaranga ya serivisi z'uruganda, maze imashini ihagarara iminsi itatu, bitinza gutumiza.

2. Gutanga amasoko mu mahanga bireba igihe, kandi igisubizo gito nyuma yo kugurisha = igihombo kitaziguye.
Imbunda za roboti zifite umurongo wa gatanu akenshi ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi ku mirongo y'ibikorwa. Igihe cyo gukora gishobora gutera igihombo cya buri munsi cy'ibihumbi mirongo bya yuan (cyangwa birenga). Mu kugura ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka, niba amabwiriza n'amabwiriza nyuma yo kugurisha atagaragaza "igihe cyo gusubiza," abatanga ibicuruzwa bashobora gutinza igisubizo bitewe n'intera. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ubufasha butajyanye n'igihe, serivisi ndende zo gusana viza ku bakozi bakora aho bakorera, ndetse n'ibibazo byo kwishyura ibicuruzwa ku bice by'imodoka. Mu nyigo yakozwe n'ikigo gikora 3C, moteri ya servo y'umutwe wa roboti ufite umurongo wa gatanu yarananiwe. Kubera ko amabwiriza n'amabwiriza yavugaga gusa "gusana vuba bishoboka" nta gihe runaka cyagenwe, umutanga serivisi yafashe iminsi 15 kuva yakira raporo yo gusana kugeza igihe yohereje injeniyeri, bituma imirongo yo gukora ihagarara muri icyo gihe kandi bigatera igihombo kirenze 800.000 yuan.

3. Ingingo zigenga ibice n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko
Ibice by'ingenzi by'intwaro za robotike zifite umurongo wa gatanu (nk'ibigabanya ubukana n'ibipimo by'ubukode) akenshi bihindurwa kandi bigomba kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda z'igihugu gicuruza (nk'ibipimo bya EU CE na US UL). Niba amategeko n'amabwiriza nyuma yo kugurisha adasobanutse neza:

"Icyizere cy'umwimerere cyo gutanga ibikoresho" gishobora gutuma umucuruzi asimbuza ibice bya nyuma y'isoko, bigatuma ubuziranenge bugabanuka kandi igihe cyo kubaho kikagabanuka.

Kwemeza ko ibintu byubahirizwa: Iyo inzego zishinzwe kugenzura zisaba ko ibikoresho bikosorwa nyuma y’aho bitajyanye n’amahame ngenderwaho yo mu gace biherereyemo, umutanga serivisi ashobora kwanga kubikora.

Icya kabiri, "Amanota y'ingenzi y'agaciro" y'amabwiriza ya serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha: Ingingo eshanu z'ingenzi abaguzi bagomba kwibandaho

Nyuma yo gusobanura akamaro kabyo, abaguzi bagomba kwibanda ku "bice by'ingenzi" mu bijyanye no kugurisha nyuma yo kugurisha, kuko ari byo bigena mu buryo butaziguye ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bw'ibikoresho n'ingaruka byabyo:

1. Igihe cy'ingwate: Jya kurenza "umwaka umwe" hanyuma usobanure neza "ubwishingizi".

Garanti zisanzwe z'ibikoresho akenshi ziba zirimo "garanti y'umwaka umwe ku gikoresho cyose," ariko robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatanu zisaba amabwiriza arambuye:

Kongera igihe cy'ingwate ku bice by'ingenzi: Ku bice bifite agaciro kanini kandi bishobora kwambarwa nka moteri za servo, sisitemu za CNC, na reducers, ni byiza gushyiraho "garanti y'imyaka ibiri," irenze kure igihe cy'ingwate ku gikoresho cyose.

Kuraho imvugo idasobanutse neza ku "bibazo bidafite ubuziranenge": Sobanura ko "ibyangiritse biterwa n'amakosa mu mikorere n'imbaraga zidashingiye ku garanti" kugira ngo hirindwe amakimbirane akurikiraho.

Imiterere y'inshingano mu gihe cy'ingwate: Kwemeranya ko "umutanga serivisi azatanga ibikoresho by'ubuntu n'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibikoresho aho biri" kandi akishyura amafaranga y'ingendo n'amacumbi by'umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo hirindwe andi mafaranga y'inyongera.

2. Igihe cyo gusana no gukemura ibibazo: Gupima amahame ngenderwaho, kwirinda amasezerano yo mu magambo

Amasaha y'akazi ni ingenzi kuri serivisi yo kugurisha nyuma y'ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Amategeko n'amabwiriza agomba gusimbuza amagambo adasobanutse neza nka "byihuse bishoboka" na "byihuse" n'imibare ishoboka kubarwa:

Igihe cyo Gusubiza Kure: Kwemeranya "gutanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki mu masaha 2 nyuma yo gutanga raporo ku kibazo" (urugero, gusuzuma amashusho no gutunganya ibipimo);

Igihe cyo gusana aho hantu: Garagaza "Niba igisubizo cya kure kitaboneka, injeniyeri w'uwakoze ikintu cy'umwimerere azoherezwa ku rubuga rwawe mu minsi 7 y'akazi" (menya niba igihugu cyaguze gifite injeniyeri. Niba atari byo, wemera "gutunganya viza z'agateganyo, zizagabanywaho iminsi 5 y'akazi");

Amasezerano yo Gutanga Indishyi ku Gihe cyo Guhagarara: Niba igihe cyo guhagarara cyatewe n'uko umutanga serivisi adasubije/akemuye ikibazo ku gihe, wemera "kugabanya 10% by'amafaranga yo gukodesha ibikoresho buri kwezi kuri buri munsi arenze" (akurikizwa mu bihe byo gukodesha cyangwa kugura mu byiciro).

3. Ingwate yo gutanga ibice: Kwirinda ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa

Niba hatanzwe ibice byihariye kuri eshanu-Ukuboko kwa Roboti y'Umurongo Bihagaritswe, ibikoresho bishobora gusigara bidakora igihe kirekire. Bityo, amabwiriza akurikira agomba kuba akurikizwa:

Ibikoresho byo kubika no gutanga ibikoresho: Abatanga ibikoresho basabwa gushinga ububiko bw'ibice mu gihugu bagura cyangwa mu karere ka hafi, kandi ibice bikunze gukoreshwa (nk'ibikoresho byo gusimbuza no gupima) bigomba gutangwa mu masaha 72.

Ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha ibice bihagaritswe: Amasezerano avuga ko "niba igice gihagaritswe, umutanga serivisi agomba gutanga integuza y'amezi atandatu mbere y'igihe no kuvugurura igice gihuye nacyo ku buntu." Ibi birinda ko ibikoresho bidasaza bitewe no guhagarika ibice.

4. Amahugurwa ya tekiniki n'inkunga yo kuvugurura: Gutanga serivisi nziza mu gihe kirekire

Imikorere n'imicungire ya ukuboko kwa roboti ya servo ifite axis eshanu bisaba ubumenyi bwihariye, bityo amabwiriza n'amabwiriza nyuma yo kugurisha agomba kuba arimo ibikubiye mu "gutanga ubushobozi mu bya tekiniki":

Umubare n'umubare w'amahugurwa y'ubuntu: Mu gihe cy'ukwezi kumwe nyuma yo gutanga ibikoresho, hazatangwa amahugurwa abiri y'uruganda, buri wese agahugura abakoresha 5 n'abakozi 2 bo kubungabunga. Ibikubiye mu mahugurwa bigomba kuba bikubiyemo "gukora isuku isanzwe, gukemura ibibazo, no gupima neza."

Ibyiza byo Kuvugurura Porogaramu: Ibi bivuga neza ko "kuvugurura porogaramu za sisitemu ya CNC" (nk'uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere no kunoza imikoranire) bizatangwa ku buntu mu gihe cy'ubuzima bw'ibikoresho, birinda amafaranga y'inyongera ku kuvugurura nyuma.

5. Gukemura amakimbirane no gutanga inshingano: "Umutekano" wo kugura ibicuruzwa biva mu mipaka

Bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'uturere, uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane nyuma yo kugurisha bugomba kumvikanaho mbere y'igihe:

Uburyo bwo kumenya inshingano: Kwemeranya ko "ikigo cyemewe n'amategeko gipima abantu ba gatatu (nka SGS cyangwa TÜV) kizagena impamvu y'itsindwa" kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibyemezo byafashwe ku ruhande rumwe;

Uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane: Shyira imbere "ikigo cy’ubukemurampaka mu gihugu gitanga inguzanyo" (urugero, abaguzi b’Abashinwa bashobora guhitamo Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga y’Ubukungu n’Ubucuruzi y’Ubushinwa) aho guhitamo igihugu cy’umutanga serivisi kugira ngo ugabanye ikiguzi cyo gukurikirana imanza;

Imipaka ya Force Majeure: Sobanura ko "ku gutinda nyuma yo kugurisha guterwa n'icyorezo nk'icyorezo cyangwa intambara, umucuruzi agomba gutanga icyemezo cyanditse, kandi gutinda ntikugomba kurenza iminsi 15" kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda ku buryo budasobanutse.

Icya gatatu, Ingamba zifatika zo kuganira ku masezerano nyuma yo kugurisha: Intambwe 3 zo gufata ingamba

Nyuma yo gusobanukirwa ingingo z'ingenzi, abaguzi bagomba gushyira imbere mu gihe cy'ibiganiro kugira ngo birinde umutego wo kugerageza gupfukirana ibintu byose ariko ntibabigereho:

1. Kora ubushakashatsi ku bushobozi bw'umucuruzi mu kugurisha ibicuruzwa bye mu mahanga mbere y'igihe nk'uburyo bwo kubyungukiramo

Mbere yo kuganira ku byo umucuruzi ashobora gukora, banza urebe neza ubushobozi bwe nyuma yo kugurisha:

Baza niba bafite itsinda ry’abashinzwe serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha/ubuhanga mu gihugu baguzemo. Niba ari uko bimeze, saba ko amabwiriza avuga neza ko "abahanga bo mu gace bazaba baboneka aho bakorera, igihe cyo gusubiza kikagabanuka kikagera ku masaha 48."

Suzuma isuzuma ry’abakiriya nyuma yo kugurisha ryakozwe mbere (nk’inyigo ku mbuga za interineti zigenga n’ibitekerezo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga z’inganda). Niba hari ikibazo kijyanye no gutinda nyuma yo kugurisha, shyiramo ingingo y’ibihano muri ayo masezerano (urugero, indishyi za buri munsi ku gusana byatinze).

2. Shyira imbere ibyago kandi wibande ku byifuzo by'ingenzi

Iyo umucuruzi yanze kwemera amasezerano yose, shyira imbere ibintu by'ingenzi hashingiwe ku ngaruka:

Icyihutirwa kurusha ibindi: Igihe cy'ingwate ku bice by'ingenzi, igihe cyo gusana, n'igihe cyo gutanga ibice bisimbura ibindi (ibi bintu bitatu bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'ibikoresho bwo gukora neza);

Icya kabiri cy'ingenzi: Umubare w'amahugurwa ya tekiniki n'inyungu zo kuvugurura porogaramu (ushobora kumvikana kugira ngo ugabanye umubare w'amahugurwa inshuro imwe, ariko wongere inkunga y'amahugurwa kuri interineti);

Ibyumvikanyweho mu buryo bworoshye: Ubukemurampaka mu gukemura amakimbirane (niba umutanga serivisi ashimangira igihugu atuyemo, mushobora kumvikana ku bukemurampaka mu ruhande rwa gatatu rudafite aho rubogamiye, nka Singapuru cyangwa Ubusuwisi).

3. Gusaba Ubukemurampaka "Byanditse kandi Bishobora Gukurikiranwa", Irinde Amasezerano yo mu Munwa

Amasezerano yose y’ibiganiro nyuma yo kugurisha agomba:

Kwandika mu masezerano yemewe yo kugura, ntabwo ari mu masezerano y'inyongera cyangwa isezerano ryo mu magambo;

Sobanura neza uwatanze ibicuruzwa "umuntu wo kuvugana nyuma yo kugurisha" (izina, amakuru yo kuvugana, na aderesi imeri), kandi iteganya ko "impinduka iyo ari yo yose ku muntu wo kuvugana isaba iminsi 7 yo kumenyeshwa mu nyandiko" kugira ngo hirindwe urujijo ku muntu ushinzwe nyuma.

Umwanzuro: Amategeko agenga serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha ni "ishoramari ry'igihe kirekire" kuri roboti za serivisi zifite umurongo wa gatanu

Ku bikoresho by'agaciro gakomeye kandi biramba nka robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatanu, amasezerano ya serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha ni ibirenze gusa iherezo mu nzira yo gutanga amasoko; ahubwo ni ishoramari ry'igihe kirekire rituma umusaruro uhoraho kandi rigagabanya ikiguzi rusange. Mu gutanga amasoko ku mipaka, abaguzi bagomba kurenga ibyo batekereza ku biciro no gushyira imbere amasezerano ya serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha hamwe n'imikorere y'ibikoresho n'imbaraga z'umutanga. N'ubundi kandi, robo ishobora gukora neza mu gihe cy'imyaka itanu igomba gushyigikirwa n'amabwiriza asobanutse kandi yuzuye ya serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha.