Impinduka mu isabwa ry'isoko ry'intwaro za robotike zifite umurongo wa gatatu

Impinduka mu isabwa ry'isoko rya servo ifite umurongo wa gatatu Ukuboko kwa Robotics

I. Impinduka mu bunini bw'isoko mpuzamahanga n'igipimo cy'iterambere
II. Ihindagurika ry'Imiterere y'Ibikenewe mu Karere
III. Kwagura icyifuzo cy’ubusabe mu nganda zitandukanye
IV. Gusubiramo ubusabe bushingiye ku kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga
V. Ingaruka z'ibidukikije bya politiki ku busabe bw'isoko
VI. Icyerekezo cy'ibikenewe mu gihe kizaza n'amahirwe yo ku isoko

I. Impinduka mu bunini bw'isoko mpuzamahanga n'igipimo cy'iterambere

Isi yose roboti ya servo ifite axis eshatu Isoko ririmo kugira igihe cy’iterambere ryihuta, ahanini bitewe n’ubwiyongere bukomeye bw’ibikorwa byo kuvugurura imikorere mu nganda. Dukurikije imibare ituruka mu Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry’Amarobo (IFR), ku isi hose, ubucuruzi bwa robots mu nganda bwageze ku 385.000 mu 2023, ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku mwaka bwa 17%. Muri zo, robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu zakomeje kongera umugabane wazo ku isoko bitewe n’imiterere yazo nto n’ibiciro byazo bigenzurwa. Servo ifite umurongo wa gatatu ku isi Robot MBiteganijwe ko ingano y'amakaro izarenga miliyari 5.2 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2025, hamwe n'igipimo cy'izamuka ry'ingufu ngarukamwaka (CAGR) cya 12.3% kuva mu 2020 kugeza 2025. Gushyiramo robo ku rwego rw'isi byageze ku gipimo cyo hejuru cy'ingufu 542.000 mu 2024, birenga ingufu 500.000 mu mwaka wa kane wikurikiranya. Roboti zifite umurongo wa gatatu zabonye ukwiyongera gukomeye mu gukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga no gutunganya ibikoresho, biba ingenzi mu iterambere. Uku kwiyongera guterwa no kurekura icyifuzo cyo guhindura imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga giturutse ku bigo bito n'ibiciriritse ndetse no kuvugurura imiyoboro y'inganda nini zikora ibintu.

II. Ihindagurika ry'Imiterere y'Ibikenewe mu Karere

Isoko ry’isi rigaragaza imiterere y’"Aziya-Pasifika iri imbere, Uburayi na Amerika bihindura isura, n'amasoko ari kuzamuka." Akarere ka Aziya-Pasifika ni ko gakomeye ku isoko ry’isi aho 74% by'ibikoresho bishya bishyirwamo. Ibihugu byo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba bwungukiye mu kwimura inganda, aho icyifuzo cya robots za servo zifite umurongo wa gatatu cyiyongereyeho 35% uko umwaka utashye, bigatuma kiba kimwe mu turere dukura vuba. Ubuyapani, nk'ikigo gikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga, bwageze ku gipimo cya 22%, bwibanda ku ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga n’ubuvuzi; Koreya y'Epfo ikomeje gukenera cyane mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'imodoka. Nubwo isoko ry'i Burayi ryagize impinduka mu gihe gito (8% byagabanutse mu 2024), icyifuzo cy'ibisubizo byabugenewe cyakomeje kuba gikomeye mu bihugu nk'Ubudage n'Ubutaliyani. Mu 2023, isoko ry'u Budage ry'intwaro za robots zifite umurongo wa gatatu w'uburebure ryageze kuri miliyari 2.5 z'amadolari y'Amerika, ubwiyongere bwa 18% uko umwaka utashye, ahanini bwibanda ku nganda zikora neza no kuvugurura imodoka mu nganda 4.0. Isoko rya Amerika (10% byagabanutse mu ikoranabuhanga) ryatanze amahirwe yo kubaka. Politiki yo kuvugurura inganda muri Amerika yateje imbere imikorere y’urusobe rw’ibikoresho byo mu gihugu, bituma hagenda hazamuka buhoro buhoro icyifuzo cy’intwaro za roboti zifite umurongo mugari w’ibice bitatu.

III. Kwagura ubusabe bw'ikoreshwa ry'inganda zitandukanye

Ubusabe mu nganda zisanzwe zitanga inyungu bwakomeje kwiyongera, mu gihe amashami mashya yahindutse moteri nshya. Inganda z'imodoka zakomeje kuba ingenzi mu gukoresha, aho igipimo cyo kwinjira mu bikorwa nko gupakira no guteranya bateri z'imodoka nshya kigera kuri 28%. Gigafactory ya Tesla yongereye imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho ku kigero cya 40% binyuze mu bufatanye bw'amarobo akorana n'imirongo itatu na AGV. Bitewe n'uburyo buto bwo gukora ubwoko bwinshi, inganda z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga zabonye igipimo cyo gusimbuza kigera kuri 42% mu bintu nk'ibyo guteranya motherboard ya terefone, bituma haboneka ukwiyongera k'ubusabe bw'imirongo itatu ifite imiterere ihamye (ishobora kongera gukoreshwa ± 0.1 mm). Inganda zikora ibikoresho n'ububiko bwungukiye mu iterambere rikomeye ry'ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti, aho uburyo bwo gutondeka amapaki bwabonye igipimo cya 45%. Algorithm yo gutunganya inzira ya roboti ya Kiva ya Amazon irushaho kwemeza ibyiza byo gukoresha intwaro za roboti zifite imiterere itatu. Urwego rw'ubuvuzi rwabaye ikintu cy'ingenzi mu nganda zitandukanye, aho abaturage bakuze basaba ibintu nko kubaga no gutondeka imiti. Imashini eshatu zitanga hafi 25% by'isoko ry'imashini zikora imashini zikora inzoga ku isi, kandi ingano y'isoko bifitanye isano iteganijwe kugera kuri miliyari 1.4 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2025. Byongeye kandi, icyifuzo cy'inganda zikora ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa (hamwe n'igipimo cya 38% cyo gusimbuza mu bihe nk'ibipaki bya yawurute) n'inganda nshya zikora ingufu (photovoltaic module assembling) nabyo biriyongera cyane, bigatuma ikoreshwa ry'imashini riva mu nganda zisanzwe rigera ku mibereho y'abantu.

IV. Gusubiramo ubusabe bushingiye ku kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ririmo kuvugurura imiterere y'ibikenewe ku isoko, aho ubwenge n'ubworoherane biba ibisabwa by'ingenzi. Iterambere rya algorithme zo kugenzura ingendo n'ikoranabuhanga rya sensor ryazamuye cyane uburyo imikorere ikora neza no kwihutisha ibidukikije by'amaboko ya roboti afite umurongo wa gatatu. Uruhererekane rwa ABB IRB, binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura rihindagurika, rugera ku buziranenge bwo gusubiramo bwa mm ± 0.1, ruhura n'ibikenewe mu guteranya neza. Gukoresha roboti zikorana byagutse byazamuye imikoranire hagati y'abantu n'imashini. Kugurisha roboti zikorana ku isi byiyongereyeho 41% umwaka ushize muri 2023, aho moderi zifite umurongo wa gatatu zigera ku gipimo cya 35% mu nzego nko gukora 3C no guteranya ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi. Igishushanyo mbonera cya modular cyagabanyije inzitizi zo guhindura ibintu, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kugura ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse ho 18% kandi bituma ikoreshwa rigera kuri 45%. Guhuza ikoranabuhanga rya digital twins na 5G byateje ibibazo bishya. Binyuze mu kugenzura kure no kubungabunga ibintu mbere y'igihe, imikorere rusange y'ibikoresho (OEE) yazamutse iva kuri 65% isanzwe igera kuri 85%. Nk’uko IDC ibitangaza, igipimo cy’ikoranabuhanga rya digitale mu ishami rya robotics cyageze kuri miliyari 2.125 z’amadolari mu 2023, kiba ingenzi mu guhindura imikorere.

V. Ingaruka z'ibidukikije bya politiki ku busabe bw'isoko

Politiki mpuzamahanga zo gukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga zitanga inkunga ihoraho ku isoko. Ingamba za EU zo mu rwego rwa "Inganda 4.0" zigaragaza ikoranabuhanga rya roboti nk'agace k'ingenzi k'iterambere, kandi Ubudage n'Ubufaransa bishyigikiye ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ibikoresho bihindura imiterere y'isoko. amaboko ya roboti afite imiterere itatu binyuze mu bigega byihariye. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'Itegeko rya Amerika rigenga Chip na Siyansi n'Itegeko ry'Uruganda byateje imbere iterambere ry'ibikorwa by'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda zo mu gihugu, byongera mu buryo butaziguye icyifuzo cyo gutumiza mu mahanga intwaro za roboti zifite imiterere itatu. Ibihugu byo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba birimo gukurura inganda zimukira mu bindi bihugu binyuze muri politiki nziza z'ishoramari ry'amahanga, bigatuma icyifuzo cyo gushyigikira ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga cyiyongera icyarimwe, bigatuma habaho ahantu hakunze kugaragara ko hakenewe ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Intego zo kutagira karuboni ku isi zituma habaho ibidukikije, aho amasosiyete arushaho gukunda ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nke. Uruhererekane rwa KR AGILUS rwa KUKA, rukoresha ibikoresho bivanze bya fibre ya karuboni, rugabanya uburemere ku kigero cya 30% n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya 20%, rukaba amahitamo akomeye ku isoko. Inyungu za politiki ntizigabanya gusa ikiguzi cyo kugura ibicuruzwa by'ibigo ahubwo zinayobora icyifuzo ku bicuruzwa bikoresha ingufu nyinshi, bizigama ingufu, kandi bifite ubwenge.

VI. Icyerekezo cy'ibikenewe mu gihe kizaza n'amahirwe yo ku isoko

Nyuma ya 2025, isoko mpuzamahanga rizagaragaza ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi. Icya mbere, icyifuzo cy'uburyo bworoheje n'ubuhuza kiziyongera. Ibikoresho by'ubuhuza bya modular, bitewe n'ubukana bwabyo bw'imikorere n'ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga, bizaba ikoranabuhanga rikuru, aho igipimo cy'ubuhuza giteganijwe kuba kirenga 35% mu ma robots afite umurongo wa gatatu mu 2027. Icya kabiri, guhuza ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge biri kwihuta. Gukoresha ubwenge bw'ubukorano na VR bizagabanya urugero rw'imikorere, kandi imikoranire ya 5G kure na algorithms zo kwigiraho bizatuma ibikoresho bimenyera ibintu bitari bisanzwe. Mu buryo bworoshye bwo gukora, imikorere myiza y'ubufatanye na AGVs yitezweho kwiyongeraho andi 50%. Icya gatatu, icyifuzo cy'inganda zibungabunga ibidukikije kirimo kwiyongera. Igipimo cy'ikoreshwa rya moteri zigabanya ingufu n'ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa kizakomeza kwiyongera. Hagati aho, ikoranabuhanga rya quantum computing n'ikoranabuhanga rihumekewe na bio-literature rishobora kuzana impinduka zikomeye. Ibikoresho bya biomimetic byakozwe na laboratwari ya MIT byongereye umuvuduko w'ubuhuza inshuro 5, bishyira imbaraga nshya ku isoko ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Mu rwego rwo guhanga amasoko amahirwe, guhindura ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse mu buryo bwikora, kuvugurura inganda mu masoko ari kuzamuka, no kwagura ibikorwa bihuza inganda zitandukanye (nk'ubuvuzi n'ibikoresho bishya by'ingufu) bizaba ari byo bizatera iterambere ry'ingenzi mu myaka itanu iri imbere. Biteganijwe ko ingano y'isoko ku isi izarenga miliyari 7 z'amadolari mu 2028.

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